【作者】 刘源；

【导师】 邹旭霞；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 生鲜农产品具有易腐性、周期性、季节性等特点,在由产地运到销地的过程中,面临着集中供给和随机需求的矛盾、产品损耗与运输成本的平衡这两个难题。随着信息技术的进步,运输时间的可控性成为现实。本文引入了有效供应率和新鲜度函数分别表示实体损耗和价值损耗,市场需求受零售价、新鲜度和随机因子的三重影响,研究了由供应商和零售商组成的两级生鲜农产品供应链决策与协调问题。首先,分别建立了FOB(离岸价格)和CIF(到岸价格)术语下的生鲜农产品供应链分散决策模型,得到了最优运输时间、最优批发价和最优订货量。研究表明:不同价格术语下的供应链系统均存在唯一均衡解,FOB和CIF模型的利润比值受价格弹性系数、生产成本和加急运输成本影响,数值分析的结果表明CIF模型受价格弹性系数的影响更大,需要进一步进行协调与优化。其次,分别建立了CIF价格术语下的生鲜农产品供应链集中决策模型和协调模型,设计了利益共享和成本共担的联合契约。研究表明:集中决策模型下的订货量和系统利润更高,分散决策和集中决策模型的利润比值仅与价格弹性系数有关。联合契约能使供应链系统利润达到集中决策时的利润,当契约参数满足一定条件时,供应链系统能实现帕累托均衡。进一步,对产品生命周期、价格弹性系数和契约参数进行了灵敏度分析,给生鲜农产品企业实践提供了一些管理学启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fresh agricultural products have the characteristics of perishability,periodicity,and seasonality.In the process of shipping from origin to sale market,there are two problems:conflicting between centralized supply and random demand,balancing product loss and shipping costs.With the advancement of information technology,the controllability of shipping time has been realized.This research introduces the effective supply rate and freshness functions to represent physical loss and value loss respectively,and market demand is affected by the triple influence of retail price,freshness and random factors.The decision-making and coordination problems of a two-level fresh agricultural product supply chain composed of suppliers and retailers are studied.Firstly,the decentralized decision-making models of the fresh agricultural products supply chain under the price terms of FOB and CIF are established respectively,and obtains optimal shipping time,optimal wholesale price and optimal order quantity.Research indicates that supply chain systems under different price terms have unique equilibrium solutions.The profit ratio under FOB and CIF models is affected by price elasticity coefficient,production cost and expedited transportation cost,and the results of numerical analysis show that the CIF model is more affected by price elasticity coefficient,which needs to be further coordinated and optimized.Secondly,the centralized decision-making model and coordination model of the fresh agricultural products supply chain under CIF price terms are established respectively,the joint contract for benefit sharing and cost sharing are proposed.Research indicates that the order quantity and system profit under the centralized decision model are higher.The profit ratio of decentralized decision model and centralized decision model is only related to the price elasticity coefficient.The joint contract can make the profit of the supply chain system reach the profit of the centralized decision.When the contract parameters meet certain conditions,the supply chain system can achieve Pareto equilibrium.Furthermore,the sensitivity analysis of product life cycle,price elasticity coefficient and contract parameters are carried out,which provides some management enlightenment for the practice of fresh agricultural products enterprises.更多还原