【作者】 孙强；

【导师】 彭峰；

【作者基本信息】 中南财经政法大学 ， 侦查学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 野生动物和人类都同属于生态系统的组成部分,积极保护珍贵和濒危野生动物,是维护生物多样性的必然要求,也对建设生态文明和提高国家生物安全性的具有重要意义。2020年初,随着新冠疫情的出现和蔓延,人们对于野生动物的关注达到了前所未有的高度,人们认识到野生动物既可以为人类带来价值,也可能为人类带来灾难,如何实现人与动物的和谐共生已经成为当前大家关注的焦点。野生动物资源需求量在近些年不断加大,猎捕、杀害、收购、运输、出售等针对珍贵和濒危野生动物的犯罪层出不穷,方式多样,危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪方式也与时俱进,不断更新。民事和行政领域已经不能支撑打击野生动物犯罪、保护生物多样性良性发展的重任,人们开始关注并寻求针对危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪的刑事解决路径。同时,为了满足保护野生动物、维护公共安全和打击危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪的迫切要求,国家通过《刑法修正案(十一)》(2020年12月26日通过),将食用野生动物的行为纳入了危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪之中。《刑法修正案(十一)》(2020)和《罪名补充规定(七)》(2021)对危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪及其罪名进行了修补,将原来的两个罪名合并为一个罪名,而且以危害珍贵、濒危野生动物罪代替非法猎捕、杀害珍贵、濒危野生动物罪和非法收购、运输、出售珍贵、濒危野生动物、珍贵、濒危野生动物制品罪,猎捕、杀害、收购、运输、出售等行为是其涉及的主要犯罪行为。本文主要对危害珍贵、濒危野生动物罪进行研究,并从侦查学的视角考量危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪的现状、侦查难点和侦查对策。文章总共分为三部分:第一部分为危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪概述,一共分为两节。第一节主要介绍了危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪的概念和特点,首先介绍了危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪的概念,主要阐述了“危害”、“珍贵、濒危”“野生动物”等三个概念。其次,主要介绍了危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪的特点,主要包括隐蔽性、复杂性、专业性和反复性。第二节主要对危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪的现状进行分析,通过对无讼网的判决书进行抽样,主要从四个方面分析了此类案件的现状。首先,从抽取的样本总量对危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪进行总量分析,得出的结论为案件总体呈多发态势,季节性和地域性犯罪突出;其次,主要对危害犯罪主体特征进行了分析,主要从主体的性别、年龄、文化程度和职业特点进行分析;再次,主要对犯罪对象进行分析,主要从野生动物的保护级别和种类进行分析;最后,主要对犯罪行为方式特征进行分析,主要对法律规定的行为方式和具体案件的行为方式进行分析。第二部分主要对当前危害珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪的侦查难点从三个方面进行阐述。首先从案件线索获取方面来说,案件线索来源单一,以民警查获为主,群众举报积极性不高;缺乏信息共享平台,现有的数据库建设存在构建分散不一、构建标准不一、信息更新滞后、查询准确率不高等问题。其次,从证据调查方面来说,第一,证据获取不够及时、规范,主要体现在传统证据取证不及时、电子证据取证不规范、行为缺乏直接证据;第二,证据保存缺乏专业场所,主要体现在证据本身不易保存,证据保存场所不够专业,办案人员证据意识不足等;第三,证据鉴定亟待完善,主要体现在专业鉴定机构数量较少、资质不一,检材数量种类繁多、对比资料紧缺,抽样鉴定样本少且难以证明同一性;第四,证据转化困难,主要体现在言词证据的转化和实物证据的转化两方面。最后,从侦查协作方面来说,第一,内部侦查协作不足,部门间和地域间信息壁垒明显;第二,外部侦查协作困难,犯罪案件移送不畅、案件缺乏有效监督。第三部分主要对第二部分所遇到的侦查难点提出相应的侦查建议,共包括三节。建议一是优化案件线索收集,通过建立案件举报奖励机制,加强珍贵、濒危野生动物动态巡查和与行政执法部门的协作,开展专项行动获取案件线索,鼓励犯罪嫌疑人检举立功等方式拓宽案件线索来源渠道,通过整合数据库资源,及时更新数据库数据,建立智能化检索平台来构建信息共享平台。建议二是提升证据调查能力,首先要优化侦查取证条件,丰富取证手段,明确取证重点,构建电子取证平台,利用证据印证犯罪行为。其次,完善证据保存体制,建立专业证据保存机构,证据意识要贯穿取证始终。再次,促进鉴定机制完善,增加鉴定机构数量、规范鉴定标准,专家参与协助鉴定、构建对比系统,增加抽样数量、规范样本送检程序。最后,通过言词证据的转化和实物证据的转化理顺证据转化流程。建议三是加强内外侦查协作,一方面要强化内部侦查协作,促进部门间、区域间信息共享,建立长效协作机制。另一方面完善外部侦查协作,优化案件移送制度,加强对办案的监督。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wildlife and human beings are both part of the ecosystem.Wildlife and human beings are friends.Protecting and saving endangered species is not only of great significance of the maintenance of biodiversity,but also to the protection for ecological civilization.The inevitable requirement of improving national biosafety.At the beginning of 2020,with the emergence and spread of the new crown epidemic,people’s attention to wildlife has reached an unprecedented height,people realize that wildlife can bring both value and disaster to human beings.How to realize the harmonious symbiosis between human and animal has become the focus of attention.The demand for wildlife resources is not in recent years More and more crimes against wildlife emerge in endlessly,with various patterns,illegal hunting,killing,buying,transporting and selling wildlife,and so on.It is difficult for civil and administrative fields to shoulder the important task of cracking down on and protecting the benign development of biological diversity.At the same time,in order to meet the urgent requirements of wildlife protection,public health safety and the crime of endangering precious and endangered wildlife,the State adopted the Amendment(11)to the Criminal Law(26 December 2020).1 The behavior of eating wild animals has been included in the crime of endangering precious and endangered wild animals.Amendment to the Criminal Law(11)(2020)and Supplementary Provisions to the Criminal Law(7)(2021)have supplemented and amended the crime of endangering precious and endangered wildlife and its charges,combining the original two charges into one crime,replacing the crime of illegally hunting,killing precious and endangered wildlife and the crime of illegally acquiring,transporting,selling precious,endangered wildlife,precious and endangered wildlife products with the crime of endangering precious and endangered wildlife,involving the crime of hunting,killing,buying,transporting,selling precious and endangered wildlife and their products.This article mainly deals with endangered wildlife The crime is studied,and the current situation,investigation difficulties and investigation countermeasures of illegal hunting,killing,purchasing,transporting,selling precious and endangered wildlife crimes are considered from the perspective of investigation.The article is mainly divided into three parts.The first part is an overview of the crime of endangering precious and endangered wildlife,which is divided into two sections.The first section mainly introduces the concept and characteristics of the crime of endangering precious and endangered wild animals.The first part mainly introduces the concept of the crime of endangering precious and endangered wild animals,and mainly expounds the three concepts of "harm"," precious,endangered" and "wild animals" and so on.The second part mainly introduces the characteristics of the crime of endangering precious and endangered wildlife,including concealment,complexity,professionalism and repetition.The second section mainly analyzes the present situation of the crime of endangering precious and endangered wild animals,This paper mainly analyzes the present situation of such cases from four aspects.The first part analyzes the total amount of crimes against precious and endangered wildlife from the total sample taken,and concludes that the cases are more frequent,seasonal and regional;the second part mainly analyzes the characteristics of the subject of the crime,mainly from the sex,age,education and occupation of the subject;the third part mainly analyzes the object of the crime,mainly from the level and species of wildlife protection;the fourth part mainly analyzes the characteristics of the criminal behavior,mainly the behavior mode stipulated by law and the specific cases Conduct analysis.The second part mainly expounds the difficulties in the investigation of the crime of endangered and endangered wildlife from three aspects.First of all,from the case clue acquisition,the case clue source is single,mainly to the police seized,the masses report enthusiasm is not high;lack of information sharing platform,the existing database construction has the problems of different construction dispersion,different construction standards,information update lag,query accuracy is not high.Secondly,from the aspect of evidence investigation,the first evidence acquisition is not timely and standardized,mainly reflected in the traditional evidence collection is not timely,the electronic evidence collection is not standardized,the behavior lacks the direct evidence;the second evidence preservation lacks the specialized evidence The places are mainly reflected in the fact that the evidence itself is not easy to preserve,the evidence preservation place is not professional enough,and the evidence consciousness of the case handling personnel is insufficient;third,the evidence identification needs to be improved,mainly in the small number of professional appraisal institutions,the different qualifications,the variety of inspection materials,the shortage of comparative data,the small sample and the difficulty of proving identity;fourth,the difficulty of evidence transformation is mainly reflected in the transformation of verbal evidence and physical evidence.Finally,from the aspect of investigation cooperation,first,the internal investigation cooperation is insufficient,the information barrier between departments and regions is obvious;second,the external investigation cooperation is difficult,the crime case transfer is not smooth,the case is not smooth Lack of effective supervision.The third part mainly puts forward the corresponding investigation suggestion to the second part,including three sections.The first is to optimize the collection of case clues,strengthen the dynamic inspection of precious and endangered wildlife and cooperate with administrative law enforcement departments,carry out special actions to obtain case clues,encourage criminal suspects to report meritorious service,and broaden the source channels of case clues.The second is to improve the ability of evidence investigation,first of all,to optimize the conditions of investigation and evidence collection,enrich the means of evidence collection,clear Key points of evidence collection,the construction of electronic forensics platform,the use of evidence to verify criminal behavior.Secondly,perfect the evidence preservation system and establish the professional evidence preservation organization.Third,promote the improvement of the appraisal mechanism,increase the number of appraisal institutions,standardize the identification standards,experts participate in assisting the appraisal,build a contrast system,increase the number of samples,and standardize the procedures for sample inspection.Finally,the process of evidence transformation is straightened out through the transformation of verbal evidence and physical evidence.The third is to strengthen the cooperation between internal and external investigation.On the one hand,we should strengthen the cooperation between internal investigation,promote the sharing of information between departments and regions,and establish a long-term cooperative mechanism.Other Improve external investigation cooperation,optimize the transfer system,and strengthen the supervision of handling cases.更多还原