【作者】 张旭；

【导师】 汪志辉； 黎新；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 柑橘果实粒化是果实发育后期或贮藏期易发生的生理现象,目前关于柑橘果实粒化的原因及防治措施还没有得到系统的结论。本研究以‘春见’为试验材料,通过喷施不同浓度的糖醇钙、糖醇锌,研究了果实发育后期汁胞木质素含量、木质素关键酶（PAL、CAD、POD）活性的影响及粒化与木质素代谢的关系,探讨了不同浓度的糖醇钙、糖醇锌处理对‘春见’果实的矿质元素含量、果实品质的影响及其与果实粒化的关系。研究结果如下:1.‘春见’果实在花后240 d（果实成熟期）开始出现粒化现象,随果实留树时间的延长,果实粒化程度逐渐加重。花后280 d,不同处理的果实均出现粒化现象,但含0.2 g·L^-1的糖醇钙处理的粒化指数显著低于喷施清水（CK）,其中0.2 g·L^-1糖醇钙组合0.3 g·L^-1糖醇锌处理效果最佳,粒化指数仅为0.05,而CK达到0.82。2.果实转色—成熟—挂果留树期间,汁胞木质素含量整体呈“降-升”的趋势,汁胞PAL、CAD活性与汁胞木质素含量变化规律较一致,汁胞POD活性整体呈“升-降-升”的趋势;0.2 g·L^-1糖醇钙组合处理能显著降低汁胞木质素含量及其关键酶活性,花后280 d,其木质素含量比CK降低45.74%～49.81%,PAL、CAD及POD活性分别比CK降低39.34%～47.49%、35.82%～46.80%及40.56%～54.93%。相关性分析表明,果实粒化指数与木质素含量及其关键酶活性呈显著正相关,0.2 g·L^-1糖醇钙组合处理通过抑制木质素的合成,从而降低果实粒化指数。3.相关性分析表明,果皮Ca、Mg、Zn、B含量及汁胞Ca、Zn、B含量与果实粒化指数呈负相关,果皮K、Cu含量与果实粒化指数呈正相关。钙、锌组合处理能显著增加果皮及汁胞的Ca、Zn、Mg、B含量,降低果皮及汁胞的K、Cu含量,通过协调矿质元素之间的平衡关系,促进果实正常发育生长,有效降低果实粒化发生率。4.果实发育后期糖组分含量变化整体呈上升趋势,有机酸含量整体呈下降趋势;主成分分析表明,果实粒化指数与苹果酸、果形指数、单果重、木质素含量、果皮厚度呈正相关,与总酸、柠檬酸、奎宁酸、果糖、V_C、TSS、蔗糖、总糖、葡萄糖呈负相关。通过构建综合评价模型,0.2 g·L^-1糖醇钙组合0.3 g·L^-1糖醇锌处理的得分最高,说明0.2 g·L^-1糖醇钙组合0.3 g·L^-1糖醇锌处理对果实综合品质的提升效果最佳。综上,在果实膨大期（8月、9月）和转色期（10月、11月）喷施0.2 g·L^-1糖醇钙组合0.3 g·L^-1糖醇锌肥,能有效降低果实发育后期木质素及其关键酶活性,调节果实内部矿质元素的含量,有效控制‘春见’粒化果实的发生,同时对果实品质的提升有显著的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Citrus fruit granulation is a physiological phenomenon that is easy to occur in the late stage of fruit development or storage.At present,there is no systematic conclusion about the cause of citrus fruit granulation and control measures.In this study,’Harumi Tangor’was used as the test material.By spraying different concentrations of calcium alkoxide and zinc alkoxide,the effects of lignin content and the activity of key lignin enzymes（PAL,CAD,POD）in the sap of late fruit development were studied.And the relationship between granulation and lignin metabolism,the effects of different concentrations of calcium alkoxide and zinc alkoxide treatment on the mineral element content and fruit quality of’Harumi Tangor’and their relationship with granulation were discussed.The research results are as follows:1.The’Harumi Tangor’fruit began to granulate 240 days after flowering（fruit ripening period）,and the granulation degree of fruit gradually increased with the prolongation of fruit retention time.At 280 d after flowering,the fruits of different treatments showed granulation,but the granulation index of 0.2 g·L^-1 calcium sugar alcohol treatment was significantly lower than that of spraying clean water（CK）,of which 0.2 g·L^-1 calcium sugar alcohol combination 0.3 g·L^-1zinc alkoxide has the best treatment effect,the granulation index is only 0.05,and CK reaches 0.82.2.When the fruit changes color to maturity and then to fruit-holding,the saccharin lignin content showed a―falling-rising‖trend.The PAL and CAD activities of the sacculus cells were consistent with the changes in the saccharin lignin content.It showed a―rising-descending-rising‖trend;the combined treatment of 0.2 g·L^-1 calcium alkoxides could significantly reduce the content of lignin and its key enzyme activity in sap cells,and its lignin content decreased by 45.74%compared with CK at 280 days after anthesis～49.81%,PAL,CAD and POD activities were 39.34%～47.49%,35.82%～46.80%and40.56%～54.93%lower than CK,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the fruit granulation index was significantly positively correlated with lignin content and its key enzyme activities.The combined treatment of 0.2 g·L^-1calcium alkoxide decreased the fruit granulation index by inhibiting lignin synthesis.3.Correlation analysis showed that the contents of Ca,Mg,Zn and B in the peel and the contents of Ca,Zn and B in the juice cell were negatively correlated with the granulation index,and the contents of K and Cu in the peel were positively correlated with the granulation index of the fruit.The combined treatment of calcium and zinc can significantly increase the content of Ca,Zn,Mg,B in the peel and juice cells,and reduce the content of K,Cu in the peel and juice cells.By coordinating the balance between mineral elements,it can promote the normal development and growth of fruit.Reduce the incidence of fruit granulation.4.In the later stages of fruit development,the content of sugar components showed an overall upward trend,and the content of organic acids showed an overall downward trend.Principal component analysis showed that the fruit granulation index was positive with malic acid,fruit shape index,single fruit weight,lignin content,and peel thickness.Correlation,negative correlation with total acid,citric acid,quinic acid,fructose,V_C,TSS,sucrose,total sugar,glucose.By constructing a comprehensive evaluation model,0.2g·L^-1 calcium alkoxide combined with 0.3 g·L^-1zinc alkoxide had the highest score,indicating that 0.2 g·L^-1 calcium alkoxide combined with 0.3 g·L^-1zinc alkoxide The treatment has the best effect on improving the overall quality of the fruit.In summary,spraying 0.2 g·L^-1 calcium sugar alcohol and 0.3 g·L^-1sugar alcohol zinc fertilizer in the fruit enlargement period（August,September）and color transformation period（October,November）can be effective decrease the activity of lignin and its key enzymes in the later stages of fruit development,adjust the content of mineral elements in the fruit,effectively control the occurrence of’Harumi Tangor’granulated fruit,and have a significant effect on the improvement of fruit quality.更多还原