【作者】 张嘉琪；

【导师】 杨学成；

【作者基本信息】 华南农业大学 ， 风景园林硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 由于城市化的不断推进,人居环境中硬质环境比例越来越高,在现有人口规模环境下难以大幅度地增加绿化面积。城市建设的重点也从增量扩张转向存量更新,城镇化的发展和生态园林建设需要新的出路。如何提升建成环境的空间品质、优化微空间绿化环境将成为重要问题。已有学者研究的附生型生态混凝土和模块化设计为这一问题提供了一种可能的解决方案。本论文基于对广州地区不同建成环境的调研,通过分析生态模块(以附生型生态混凝土为主)可能应用的方式和技术等内容探讨其应用潜力,总结了建成环境中适合生态模块的应用场景特点。通过梳理生态模块近似案例应用的目标、思路、成效和技术措施,总结了案例体现的技术特点。基于生态模块制作和植生试验的情况,总结了适合生态模块的制作参数以及生态模块应用植物的特点。根据调研情况设计了几种在建成环境中可行的生态模块,探讨了如何在实际情况中利用生态模块改善园林建成环境的方法与途径,并推测可能遇到的问题。主要结论如下:(1)调研中记录适合生态模块应用的场景分三种,分别是硬质界面、绿地软景和环境设施。不同类型场景的结构、功能都存在较大差异。调查得知,生态模块在各载体中应用潜力高的部位从数量上由高到低为:硬质界面>环境设施>绿地软景。(2)调研所记录的场景类型中,硬质界面涉及的结构大多防水不透气,生态模块由于有相互连通的孔隙,强度受限,无法承受过重载荷,因而在硬质界面中适合的部位是人工干扰较少、尺度较小的部位如廊架顶平面、挡土墙压顶、嵌草砖等,软化一部分硬质界面。绿地软景中有充足的土壤、水分、植物等资源,生态模块可以直接在绿地中作为景物之一应用。环境设施一般具有成型的样式,在设施空白位置、平整顶面可广泛应用。生态模块适合的建成环境及应用策略:与道路广场结合、结合地形高差、替代天然苔石、结合水景营造。(3)目前模块化设计特点:1)模块化系统一体化。2)综合利用各种技术。3)多功能载体。4)建成环境中可应用部位有限。(4)根据各项生长情况比较来看,运用了四种植物的生态模块中,采用薜荔的生态模块效果最佳,具有高覆盖度、根系延伸长、综合表现良好的特点。据此推测,未来适合生态模块的植物的特点是:1)多年生乡土草本为主,辅以能匍匐生长的草本或灌木。2)根系发达。3)适应性强。(5)生态模块适合的参数设计:1)水泥体积∶陶粒体积∶水体积=1∶2.5∶0.3。2)骨料最适合的规格为4～8mm。3)薜荔能适应3～4cm的板厚,铺地锦竹草、小叶冷水花和佛甲草适合2～3cm的板厚。(6)生态模块应用的限制因素:1)表面基质流失及污染。2)杂草的侵占。3)承重限制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the advancement of urbanization,the proportion of hard environment is higher and higher in human environment.Under the environment of the existing population scale,it is difficult to dramatically increase the green area.The key point of urban construction also from incremental expansion into stock update,the development of urbanization and the ecological landscape construction needs a new way out.How to built the environment to enhance the quality of space,optimization of micro space greening environment will become an important problem.Existing study of accessory type ecological concrete and modular design provides a possible.Based on the investigation of different built environments in Guangzhou,this thesis discusses the application potential of ecological modules by analyzing their possible application methods and technologies,and summarizes the characteristics of application scenarios suitable for ecological modules in the built environment.By analyzing the objectives,ideas,effects and technical measures of the application of ecological module approximate cases,the technical characteristics of the cases are summarized.Based on the production of ecological module and the plant experiment,the suitable production parameters of ecological module and the characteristics of applied plants in ecological module are summarized.According to the investigation,several feasible ecological modules are designed in the built environment.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)There are three types of applicable scenes recorded in the survey,namely hard interface,green space soft and environmental facilities.There are great differences in the structure and function of different types of scenes.The proportion of hard parts in the built environment is the largest,which is also obtained in the survey.The number of sites with high application potential of ecological module ranges from high to low is: hard interface>environmental facilities>green landscape.(2)The research of scene type,hard interface involving most of the structure of the waterproof and airtight,ecological module with continuous pore,strength is limited,can’t bear the heavy load,thus the rigid interface is suitable for parts in less artificial interference,scale of smaller parts such as corridor end plane,retaining wall is coping,brick that set straw,softening of hard interface and soft landscape green space has plenty of resources such as soil,water,plants,ecology module can be directly applied in the green space,as one of the scenery.Environmental facilities generally have a molding style,in the facility blank,flat top surface can be widely used.The application strategies of ecological module suitable for the built environment can be summarized as: combining with the road square,combining with the topographic elevation difference,replacing the natural moss stone,and combining with the waterscape construction.(3)The current modular design features: 1)modular system integration.2)comprehensive utilization of various technologies.3)multi-functional carrier.4)limited parts available in the built environment.(4)Comparison according to the growth situation,ecological module planted with Ficus pumila works best,with a high coverage,the characteristics of long root extension and good comprehensive performance.The speculations of the characteristics of plants suitable for use on the ecological module: 1)perennial native herbs,supplemented by creeping herbs or shrubs.2)developed roots.3)adaptable.(5)Parameter design for ecological module: 1)cement volume: ceramsite volume:water volume = 1∶2.5∶0.3.2)the most suitable size for the aggregate is 4 ～ 8mm.3)Ficus pumila can adapt to the ecological module with a thickness of 3 ～ 4cm,and the Callisia repens,Pilea microphylla and Sedum lineare can adapt to the ecological module with a thickness of 2 ～3cm.(6)The limiting factors of ecological module application: 1)excessive load.2)there are load-bearing strength requirements.更多还原