长三角26城市经济对外开放度对知识密集型服务业发展的影响研究

【作者】 陈欣；

【导师】 江若尘；

【作者基本信息】 上海财经大学 ， 城市经济与管理， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 2020年下半年,我国提出要深化供给侧改革,要不断发挥我国的潜在市场规模及优势,努力建设成为国内国际双循环发展的社会格局。因此,国内大循环、国内国际“双循环”战略成为国家战略。这是我们党在2020年经历世界新冠疫情及中美关系变化的世界大背景下,做出的符合我国国情并且推动开放型经济迈向高质量发展的重要战略。近年来,在国际形势愈演愈烈及新冠疫情给世界经济带来冲击的双重影响下,我国政府及时出台强有力的经济刺激政策来恢复经济。与此同时,伴随实体经济的稳健发展和工业化程度的不断提高,服务业高速发展并逐步走向高质量发展的道路。在众多服务业行业中,知识密集型服务业随着知识经济快速发展,其对现代经济的高质量发展十分重要。长三角地区知识密集型服务业(Knowledge-Intensive Business Services,以下简称“KIBS”)发展水平相对较高,关于这方面的研究不多,大部分是关于生产性服务业的研究。本文借鉴了许多有关生产性服务业的模型选择的研究,在此基础上对KIBS的相关文件进行总结。大多文章对KIBS行业的归纳与吕铎(2007)的一致:将知识密集型服务业分为信息传输、计算机服务和软件业、金融业、租赁和商业服务业和科研、技术服务和地质勘查业,故本文参照该种分类。再者,根据相关研究城市经济开放度的文献,发现大多学者的构建体系不一样,研究的程度也不一样,本文主要借鉴了江若尘(2020)对经济开放度的指标分析,考虑到数据可获得性,以贸易开放度、投资开放度和金融体系三种变量来建立经济开放度的指标体系,通过主成分分析法赋予其不同的权重,由已给出的数理模型来探讨经济开放度指标体系对KIBS的影响。本文还对经济开放度对KIBS的机制研究进行总结。本文分别从技术进步效应、劳动力集聚效应、产业聚集效应、规模经济效应四个方面论述影响机制。其一,城市的对外开放打破了地域的界限,并且令商品在世界地域内得到了有效的分工,相对严谨的产品工序已逐渐成为各地区的比较优势。在这样的趋势下,企业会加大学习各类产品的生产技术,通过技术模仿、企业创新、产业关联等方式提升当地服务业的技术水平,慢慢地,以知识溢出为主的知识密集型服务业应运而生。其二,人口聚集会形成有利的劳动力资源,知识密集型服务业需要大量劳动力知识溢出,因此人口聚集有利于知识密集型服务业的发展。其三,产业聚集给知识密集型服务业带来大量资源禀赋,促进知识密集型服务业的发展。其四,在地区扩大开放的过程中,会促使资金自由化流动。引入国外先进技术、资金与管理经验往往会促使当地企业发展更加市场化发展,促使规模扩大。由规模经济理论可知,随着市场规模的不断扩大,企业自身的产品成本会不断下降,最终将会促使产品价格下降。按这样的趋势发展下去,企业会达到专业化生产和扩大贸易的规模。经济开放所带来的各种红利,必定会对知识密集型服务业相关企业带来技术、人才等,促进其发展。长三角城市群位于我国沿海地区,开放程度较高,但由于各省市的不同政策发展导致城市之间开放程度存在差异。本文以城市经济开放度角度,采用主成分分析法将贸易开放度、投资开放度、金融体系指数汇总成为一个综合指数,并采用2000-2017年长三角地区26个城市的面板数据对此进行实证检验。在普通面板模型中,长三角地区城市经济对外开放度对知识密集型服务业发展水平的影响是显著为0.133,即对外开放度水平每正向(负向)变动1%,相应的知识密集型服务业增长水平会有约0.133%的上涨(下降)。因此,本文研究结论认为,长三角地区知识密集型服务业的发展水平除了会受到当地制造业水平、人力资源水平、基础网络信息设施、政府干预的影响因素外,还会一定程度上受到开放经济(贸易开放、投资开放和金融体系)的显著影响。该结论为政府后续发展服务业转型,促进经济高质量发展的政策上提供了一个新的思路:即如何进一步深化对外开放和经济高质量发展的政策导向问题,这是我国未来服务业转型的关键。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the second half of 2020,my country proposes to deepen supply-side reforms,to continuously leverage my country’s potential market size and advantages,and strive to build a domestic and international dual-cycle development social pattern.Therefore,the domestic and international strategy has become a national strategy.It is important strategy that country has made in 2020 in the context of the world’s new crown epidemic and changes in Sino-US relations,which is in line with my country’s national conditions and promotes an open economy towards high-quality development.In recent years,with the difference influence of the global situation and the impact of the new crown epidemic on the world economy,the Chinese government has issued strong economic stimulus policies in a timely manner to restore the economy.At the same time,with the steady development of the development service industry is going through high-quality development path.Among the many service industries,the knowledge-intensive service industry is very important to the high-quality development of the modern economy with the rapid development of the knowledge economy.The knowledge-intensive business services(hereinafter referred to as "KIBS")has a prospect future.Most of which are on the productive service industry.This article draws on many studies on the model selection of the producer service industry,and summarizes the relevant documents of KIBS on this basis.This article mainly draws on Jiang Ruochen’s(2020)indicator analysis of data.Trade openness,investment openness,financial system and different weights are assigned to it through the principal component analysis method,and the economic openness index system is explored by the given mathematical model.Impact on KIBS.This article also summarizes the research on the mechanism of KIBS by economic openness.This article discusses the influence mechanism from four aspects: technological progress effect,labor agglomeration effect,industrial agglomeration effect,and scale economy effect.First,the opening of cities to the outside world has broken the geographical boundaries,allowing commodities to have an effective division of labor on a global scale,and complete product processes have gradually become the comparative advantages of various regions.Under this trend,companies will increase their learning of production technologies for various products,and improve the technical level of local service industries through technology imitation,corporate innovation,and industry associations.Slowly,they will gradually become knowledgeintensive with knowledge spillovers.The service industry came into being.Second,population gathering will form favorable labor resources.Knowledge-intensive service industries require a large amount of labor knowledge spillover.Therefore,population gathering is conducive to the development of knowledge-intensive service industries.Third,industry clusters have brought a lot of resource endowments to knowledgeintensive service industries and promoted the development of knowledge-intensive service industries.Fourth,in the process of expanding the opening up of the region,it will promote the funds and help our enterprises more market-oriented development,and promote the expansion of scale.According to the theory of economies of scale,with the continuous expansion of the market scale,the cost of the company’s own products will continue to decline,which will eventually lead to a decline in product prices.If this trend continues,enterprises will reach the scale of specialized production and expanded trade.The various dividends brought about by economic opening will surely bring technology,talents,etc.to related enterprises in the knowledge-intensive service industry,and promote their development.From the perspective of urban economic openness,this article uses principal component analysis to aggregate trade openness,investment openness,and financial system indexes into a comprehensive index.In the ordinary panel model,the influence of urban economic openness in the Yangtze River Delta region on the development level of knowledge-intensive service industries is significantly 0.118,that is,for every positive(negative)change in the level of openness by 1%,the corresponding knowledge-intensive.The growth level of the service industry will increase(decrease)by about 0.118%.Therefore,this paper insists that the development of KIBS in the Yangtze River Delta will be influenced by factors such as the level of local manufacturing,human resources,basic network information facilities,and government intervention,as well as the open economy to a certain extent.(trade openness,investment openness and financial system).This conclusion provides a new idea for the government’s subsequent development of the service industry transformation and the promotion of high-quality economic development policies: how to further improve the policy orientation of opening up and high-quality economic development is the key to future service industry transformation.更多还原