《道德与法治》教学中加强初中生公共精神培育研究

【作者】 王敏；

【导师】 方海兴；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 在社会公共生活领域不断扩大以及人们相互交往日益频繁的现实背景下,新时代对公民道德建设提出了更高的要求,为了有效减少公民道德失范的现象,重视公共精神作为社会公德价值内核的作用,对公民进行公共精神的培育就显得尤为重要。公共精神以社会主义核心价值观为引领,培育公民公共精神是社会主义核心价值观引领社会思潮、凝聚社会共识的现实需要,有利于促进整个社会的团结、稳定与和谐。公共精神的培育关涉社会主义核心价值观的落实,已然成为关乎国家、社会发展的重要课题。公共精神的培育非一日之功。中学阶段正值初中生世界观、人生观和价值观的塑造时期,公共精神的养成有助于学生建立健全人格、克服利己主义,在积极参与公共生活的过程中正确认识自己与他人、与社会、与国家的关系。《道德与法治》教材关注公共生活并包含着丰富的公共精神培育的内容,因此要加强《道德与法治》教学在培育初中生公共精神上发挥的重要作用。本文基于相关学者对公共精神结构的研究,首先在分析《课程标准》相关内容的基础上,确定《道德与法治》教学中公共精神培育的具体目标,分别是增强初中生公共意识、强化初中生公共理性以及提升初中生公共责任感。其次,在研读教材的基础上,梳理公共精神培育的内容分布,分析公共精神培育的内容呈现方式及其特点。再次,选取深圳市某中学初中生为研究对象开展问卷调查,围绕《道德与法治》教学中初中生公共精神培育中取得的成效以及出现的问题,分析初中生公共精神现状。通过数据结果以及教育实习期间对教学活动的观察分析得出,《道德与法治》教学中公共精神培育已经在教师和学生两个层面取得了一些成效,但是在实际教学中仍存在一些不可忽视的问题:教学内容局限于教材资源,教师不善于整合课堂外丰富的教学资源;教师教学目标仍停留在低层次目标,难以有效实现公共精神培育的高层次目标;教师教学评价方法单一、评价内容片面。最后,本文在以下三个方面依托《道德与法治》教学提出了加强初中生公共精神培育的具体对策:在课堂教学中实现学生公共精神生长、在社会实践中强化学生公共生活体验、在善用网络中拓展学生参与公共生活的渠道。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the realistic background of the continuous expansion of the field of social public life and the increasingly frequent communication between people,the new era has put forward higher requirements for the moral construction of citizens.In order to effectively reduce the phenomenon of moral misconduct of citizens,it is particularly important to pay attention to the role of public spirit as the core of the value of social morality.The public spirit is guided by the socialist core values,and the cultivation of the citizen public spirit is the realistic need for the socialist core values to lead the social trend of thought and unite the social consensus,which is conducive to promoting the unity,stability and harmony of the whole society.The cultivation of public spirit is related to the implementation of socialist core values,and has become an important issue related to the development of the country and society.The cultivation of public spirit is not a day’s work.The middle school stage coincides with the shaping period of world outlook,outlook on life and values of junior high school students.The cultivation of public spirit is helpful for students to establish sound personality,overcome egoism,and correctly understand the relationship between themselves and others,with society and with the country in the process of actively participating in public life.The textbook of morality and Rule of Law pays attention to public life and contains rich contents of cultivating public spirit,so it is necessary to strengthen the teaching of morality and rule of law to play an important role in cultivating the public spirit of junior high school students.Based on the research on the structure of public spirit by relevant scholars,first of all,on the basis of analyzing the relevant contents of "Curriculum Standard",this paper determines the specific objectives of cultivating public spirit in the teaching of"morality and rule of law",which are to enhance the public consciousness of junior high school students,strengthen the public rationality of junior high school students and enhance the public responsibility of junior high school students.Secondly,on the basis of studying the teaching materials,this paper combs the content distribution of the cultivation of public spirit,and analyzes the presentation mode and characteristics of the content of the cultivation of public spirit.Thirdly,the junior high school students in Shenzhen are selected as the research object to carry out a questionnaire survey,focusing on the results and problems in the cultivation of junior high school students’public spirit in the teaching of "morality and the rule of law",and analyzes the present situation of junior high school students’ public spirit.Through the observation and analysis of the teaching activities during the educational practice,it is concluded that the cultivation of public spirit in the teaching of morality and the rule of law has achieved some achievements at the two levels of teachers and students,but there are still some problems that can not be ignored in the actual teaching:the teaching content is limited to the teaching material resources,and the teachers are not good at integrating the rich teaching resources outside the classroom.The teaching goal of teachers is still at the low level,so it is difficult to effectively realize the high-level goal of cultivating public spirit,and the evaluation method of teachers is single and the content of evaluation is one-sided.Finally,based on the following three aspects of "morality and the rule of law" teaching,this paper puts forward some concrete countermeasures to strengthen the cultivation of junior high school students’ public spirit:realizing the growth of students’public spirit in classroom teaching,strengthening students’ public life experience in social practice,and expanding the channels for students to participate in public life in making good use of the network.更多还原