【作者】 李圆；

【导师】 曹青云；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 外国哲学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 对原因的探问是古希腊哲学的重要议题。亚里士多德在《物理学》第八卷和《形而上学》Λ卷中将宇宙间一切存在和变化的第一因称为“不动的动者”,并认为它是神圣的。本文意在阐释“不动的动者”概念的涵义。笔者认为“不动的动者”概念是在《物理学》第八卷中被正式确立的。然而,在那里亚里士多德仅是从运动论角度推论出最初运动者存在的必然性,并指出它是永恒的、不动变的,它“毫不费力”地使他物运动,而不是如柏拉图所主张的自我运动的灵魂那样将自身的运动传递到他物之中。在《形而上学》Λ卷的后半卷,即Λ6-10中,亚里士多德又详细地考察了“不动的动者”的性质:在这里他认为“不动的动者”是最高实体,这样的实体是无质料的纯形式,它的本质就是纯粹现实;这也就是说,“不动的动者”永恒地处在某种现实活动之中。在Λ7中亚里士多德说这种活动是思想活动,最高实体永恒地思想着最好的事物,即至善,并在此过程中与其思想对象同一。在这样的意义上,最高实体就是神圣的“努斯”,它永恒地享有最完满的生命。正因如此,亚里士多德认为这样的实体就是“神”,只有它才能引起永恒的、无停顿的运动;与此同时,“神”是作为被爱和想往的对象而引起运动,在此意义上,最初动力因也就是最终目的因,正因它的存在,宇宙才得以秩序井然。有鉴于此,本文将以《形而上学》Λ6-10为主要文本依据,分析“不动的动者”作为宇宙的最初动力因、最终目的因以及神圣的“努斯”这三个层面的涵义,并阐明此三者在亚里士多德思想中都是最高的实体。更多还原

【Abstract】 The inquiry into the first cause plays a substantial role in ancient Greek philosophy.Aristotle names the first cause,which is the primary cause of all the being and movement in the cosmos,“unmoved mover”in Physics Ⅷ and Metaphysics Λ,while confirms its deity simultaneously.The purpose of this paper is to give an interpretation of the meaning of Aristotelian unmoved mover.We suggest that the concept of“unmoved mover”is first established in Physics Ⅷ,where Aristotle infers from his theory of motion that there must be a primary mover which is itself eternal and unmoved.Such a mover causes motion in no way like the Platonic self-moving soul who transmits its own motion to its object,instead,its causing “involves no effort”.Aristotle elaborates the nature of the unmoved mover in the last of the two parts of Metaphysics Λ,that is,Λ6-10: here he confirms that the unmoved mover is precisely the highest substance;substance of this kind must be pure form,which has no matter,and its substance must be an activity,that is to say,the unmoved mover is always in act.Aristotle identifies this act with the act of thinking in Λ7: the highest substance is always thinking the best thing in the cosmos,which is for Aristotle the highest good,and during this process,the thinker and its object is the same thing.In this sense the highest substance must be the divine “Nous”,which is why Aristotle calls it “God”-it is the only thing that can be the cause of the eternal,successive motion.Meanwhile,Aristotle also identifies this primary efficient cause of motion with the final cause-towards which the whole cosmos is perfectly ordered-by asserting that“God”moves as a subject of love.Above all,we intend to analyze in this paper how Aristotelian unmoved mover-the highest substance-can both be the efficient cause and the final cause of motion,while itself be the self-thinking divine “Nous”.Our interpretation will be based on Metaphysics Λ6-10.更多还原