【作者】 李洁；

【导师】 刘鸿武；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 国际关系， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 二十一世纪初以来,暴力极端主义的肆虐横行,成为撒哈拉以南非洲极大的安全威胁。在萨赫勒、乍得湖、东非地区,“伊斯兰和穆斯林支持组织”,“博科圣地”和“青年党”等暴力极端主义组织的恐怖袭击给这些地区造成了严重的破坏。尤其是教育的发展,几乎遭到了毁灭性的冲击致命性的扭曲。暴力极端主义组织不断挑战正常的教学秩序颠覆传统的教学理念,企图用强制的方式灌输暴力极端主义思想招募暴力极端主义分子。学校成为这些暴力极端主义组织灌输其观念的主要场所,而脆弱的儿童、青少年群体则成为其主要目标。尽管暴力极端主义高风险地区的国家从未放弃对这些暴力极端主义组织的打击,但是军事打击消灭暴力极端主义分子,不仅没有抑制暴力极端主义的蔓延,反而还让这些组织变本加厉。在此情况下,撒哈拉以南非洲国家逐渐意识到军事打击暴力极端主义的局限性,开始重新审视去极端化的内涵及其边界,思考旨在防止个人思想极端化的措施,强调教育在去极端化中的作用。近年来,暴力极端主义高风险地区的国家相继制定了打击或预防暴力极端主义行动计划,不断完善教育领域的去极端化措施。这些措施围绕改善受教育机会、提高教育质量、促进教育与就业市场的联系等方面展开,主要的目的是为了增强个人、社区抵抗暴力极端主义观念影响和拒绝暴力极端主义组织招募的能力。本文通过对暴力极端主义在撒哈拉以南非洲发展态势的梳理,分析暴力极端主义对教育的影响。进而,讨论教育领域去极端化的可行性措施,掌握撒哈拉以南非洲教育领域去极端化的基本情况,并对教育领域去极端化工作提出一点自己的思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the beginning of the 21 st century,the rampant violent extremism has become a great security threat to sub-Saharan Africa.In the Sahel,Lake Chad and East Africa,terrorist attacks by violent extremist organizations such as " Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims","Boko Haram" and "Al Shabaab" have caused serious damage to these areas.Especially the development of education has almost suffered a devastating impact and a fatal distortion.Violent extremist organizations are constantly challenging the normal teaching order,subverting traditional teaching concepts,attempting to instill violent extremist ideas in a coercive way,and recruiting violent extremists.Schools have become the main place for these violent extremist organizations to instill their ideas,while vulnerable children and crowd groups have become their main targets.Although countries in high-risk areas of violent extremism have never given up their attacks on these violent extremist organizations,military strikes to eliminate violent extremists have not curbed the spread of violent extremism,but have made these organizations worse.Under the circumstances,Sub-Saharan African countries gradually expanded the limitations of military combat against violent extremism,began to reexamine the connotation and boundaries of anti-extremism,considered measures to prevent individual ideological extremes,and focused on educating them in antiextremism.Measures focus on improving access to education,improving the quality of education,and promoting the role of education.Recent years,countries in high-risk areas of violent extremism have successively formulated action plans to combat or prevent violent extremism.The main purpose is to strengthen the ability of individuals and communities to resist violent extremist influences and refuse to recruit.This article analyzes the development trend of violent extremism in Sub-Saharan Africa and the impact of violent extremism on education.Discusses feasible measures for anti-extremism in education,and grasps the basic situation of anti-extremism in SubSaharan Africa.Finally,make a little thought about the interaction between education and anti-extremism.更多还原