职业打假问题分析及市场监管部门对策研究

【作者】 龚颖；

【导师】 叶方进；

【作者基本信息】 上海财经大学 ， 公共管理硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 上世纪90年代开始,职业打假人这一群体进入公众的视野。通过购买假冒名牌商品,并利用《消费者权益保护法》向商家索要赔偿,以满足获得赔偿金的目的。然而职业打假人的发展同时带来了多种问题,与经营者的矛盾日益突出,加大了基层行政执法部门的工作负荷和强度。职业打假人主要受到质疑的问题点在于其法律地位的认定,即是否属于消费者,是否适用《消费者权益保护法》;其知假买假的行为;以及惩罚性赔偿条款导致高额赔偿的问题。近年来,我国《消费者权益保护法》等其他法律法规的完善对保障消费者权益起到了至关重要的作用,也推动了中国质量的不断前进。但是时至今日,依然没有对职业打假人的法律地位做出清晰的界定,同时这一群体也借助其中升级版的惩罚性赔偿条款对商家加大了赔偿的要求,使得矛盾再次激化。目前对于职业打假人问题的研究相对停留在对职业打假人的定性问题上,而对职业打假人对市场其他各方主体,如对消费者,对商家,对行政执法部门造成影响的研究较少,提出的意见建议停留在呼吁尽快明确法律定位为主。本文通过对职业打假人起源和发展的梳理,揭示了这一群体从早期萌芽阶段到全国多点开花的历程,展现了特有的维权和索要赔偿的模式。再者,对现实情况展开调查,从打假的平台,维权的内容,组织分布入手,分析了职业打假人目前的现状,并对扫黑除恶专项行动下职业打假人的状况做出研究,探究职业打假人面临的新处境。通过对处理职业打假人投诉举报有实际经验的企业相关负责人的访谈,运用最佳威胁理论着重针对知假买假情况下产生的惩罚性赔偿深入研究,得出市场监管部门应当考虑违法行为被发现的难易程度,以及发生的次数从而建立分级分层执法管理的结论。同时使用多源流理论分析了国家市场监管总局出台的对职业打假人有针对性的新政策,揭示职业打假人对市场监管部门产生巨大的作用力。另外,通过问卷形式,向普通消费者发放关于消费维权状况的调查,其中包含职业打假人的部分,由问卷的数据得出他们对于最广大消费者购买商品实际产生影响的局限性,驳斥了职业打假人对普及消费者维权知识的作用。综合分析职业打假人对市场各方主体产生的作用力,对矛盾争议点有针对性地评估现存的问题,探讨进一步待改善的方向。最终得出运用建立职业打假人数据库,加快平台整合;完善相关领域法律法规;采取包容审慎,宽严相济的执法机制;加强普通消费者维权意识的几大方面进一步规范职业打假的行为,减小对市场的负面影响。本文共分为四章。第一章主要涉及研究的背景、研究的目的、文献综述,以及研究思路和方法。第二章是职业打假人的基本情况介绍及理论基础。第三章对职业打假人的现状分析,通过不同方面研究了职业打假人在消费升级的市场环境下的现状,并对不同的市场对象展开调查,运用不同理论进行职业打假人作用力的分析。第四章是在调查基础上对规范职业打假人提出意见建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 1990 s,professional anti-counterfeiters have floated into the public eye.Through the purchasing of counterfeit wellknown brands’ merchandises,and taking advantage of the law on Protection of the Rights of Consumers,to meet the purpose of obtaining compensation.However,the development of professional anti-counterfeiters brings a variety of problems at the same time.The conflict between merchants and them is increasingly obvious,the work load carried out to the pulic administrative departments from the professional anti-counterfeiters is becoming heavier gradually.The main problems of professional anti-counterfeiters are the identification of its’ legal status,that is,whether it belongs to consumers,whether the consumer rights and interests protection law is applicable for them.The act of knowing it’s fake but still buy.And the high compensation.In recent years,the revise of the law of the consumer rights protection and other regulations has played a crucial role in protecting consumers’ rights and interests,and promoted the continuous progress of China’s quality as well.In addition,Professional anti-counterfeiters also enlarged the demand for compensation based on the updated version of the law.At present,the research on the problem of professional anti-counterfeiters is limited to the qualitative problem of professional anti-counterfeiters,while the research on the impact of professional anti-counterfeiters on other parties in the market is relatively less.Through introduction of the very begining and development of professional anti-counterfeiters,this paper reveals the history of this group from the early stage to the developed age,and shows the unique way of safeguarding rights and demanding compensation.Furthermore,an investigation is carried out on the actual situation,starting from the platform of anti-counterfeiting,the content of rights protection and the organization distribution,to analyze the current status of professional anti-counterfeitiers,and to study and explore the new situation of professional anti-counterfeiters under the special anti-crime action.The complete deterrencetheory is used to study the punitive damages under the condition of buying false to conclude to that the law enforcement management should be graded into different levels At the same time,this paper analyzes the new targeted policies of the state administration of market regulation againsting professional counterfeits by using the theory of multi-stream theory.In addition,a survey on the status of consumer rights protection was issued to ordinary consumers through questionnaires,which included the part of professional anti-counterfeiters,revealing their actual impact on the majority of consumers is limited.This paper comprehensively analyzes the forces exerted by professional anti-counterfeiters on all parties in the market,evaluates the existing problems and discusses the direction for further improvement.Finally,the paper concludes that the establishment of professional anti-counterfeiter database;speeding up the integration of the platform;improving relevant laws and regulations;the inclusive,cautious,graded law enforcement mechanism;several aspects of strengthening the awareness of ordinary consumers’ rights protection should be used to further standardize the behavior of professional anti-counterfeiters and to reduce the negative impact on the market.This paper is divided into four chapters.The first chapter mainly introduce the background and the purpose of the research,the literature review,as well as the research ideas and methods.The second chapter is the basic information of professional anti-counterfeiters and theoretical basis.The third chapter analyzes the status of the professional anti-counterfeiters,studies the status of professional anti-counterfeiters in the consumption-upgrading market environment via different aspects,investigates different market objects,and analyzes the force of professional anti-counterfeiters by using several theories.The fourth chapter is the suggestions on the professional anti-counterfeiters based on the previous studies.更多还原