【作者】 张娜；

【导师】 李林启；

【作者基本信息】 河南师范大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 实体法上目标的实现必须要以程序法上的规则实施为保障,为追求案件实体价值的实现必须对程序进行研究。抵押权在担保物权中有着不可小觑的地位,抵押权的实现效率关系着担保物权制度的发展,更关系着市场主体利益的维护以及市场经济的健康发展。抵押权当事人的利益在多大程度上得到维护以及维护实现的成本多大,是衡量实现抵押权非讼程序运行状况的标尺。为了使抵押权当事人的权益又好又快的实现,必须要对实现抵押权非讼程序进行深入细致的研究,以科学、合理、完善的实现抵押权非讼程序规则去保障抵押权的非讼实现。2012年《民事诉讼法》在特别程序中增加了实现担保物权案件,但仅用第196条和第197条两个条文对实现担保物权非讼程序规则作了原则性规定。最高人民法院为解决实现担保物权非讼程序运用中暴露出的问题以及回应各地法院的审判实践,2015年颁布了新的《民诉法司法解释》,对担保物权非讼实现的申请主体、管辖法院、担保物权实现顺序、申请材料、受理后的处理等做出了细化规定,弥补了《民事诉讼法》中实现担保物权非讼程序规定的不足。抵押权作为担保物权中最重要的组成部分,《民事诉讼法》关于实现担保物权案件的规定开启了实现抵押权的非讼程序,但由于实现抵押权非讼程序规则规定的不明确,再加之不同法院法官理解适用上的差异,通过对实现抵押权非讼程序的实务运行状况的分析,发现实现抵押权案件审理中在案件管辖、审查内容与审查标准、裁判文书的制作形式、诉讼保障及执行中存在着诸多问题。实现抵押权非讼程序中存在的这些问题,造成了实现抵押权非讼裁定尺度的不统一,制约了实现抵押权非讼程序高效、快捷的贯彻实施,损害了法院的威信,损害了抵押权各方当事人的利益。为了弥补实现抵押权非讼程序中的不足,降低对抵押权法律关系中各方主体权益的损害以及发挥实现抵押权非讼程序的价值,需要科学、合理的实现抵押权非讼程序。在参考大量文献资料的同时,借助中国裁判文书网上发布的实现抵押权案件的裁定书,运用实践案例来对实现抵押权非讼程序中存在的问题进行发掘研究,进而提出实现抵押权非讼程序的完善建议。完善实现抵押权非讼程序,应对实现抵押权的管辖规则予以细化,对于登记过的动产抵押权以登记地为管辖法院,未经登记的以抵押合同签订时被抵押动产所在地视为财产所在地确定为管辖法院,动产浮动抵押权确定为抵押人住所地的法院对案件有管辖权,对于不动产抵押权的管辖明确为由最先立案的法院进行集中管辖;视抵押标的物的不同情况,灵活适用审查内容和审查原则,对于动产抵押权进行重点内容的审查,以实质审查为标准,对于不动产抵押权进行全面内容的审查,以形式审查为标准;在实现抵押权案件裁判文书制作形式上,对裁判文书格式和裁定主文内容统一;完善诉讼保障制度,明确当事人下落不明时不适用公告送达方式,对案件申请费用上进行统一,明确按件收取申请费;完善实现抵押权非讼程序与诉讼程序的衔接,在驳回申请人申请告知另行起诉时在征得抵押权当事人同意情况下可直接由非讼程序转入诉讼程序,并明确规定对于债权未获清偿的可以在非讼实现抵押权裁定执行完毕后再起诉求偿;在执行上,增加强制管理方式,明确申请程序与执行程序之间衔接的一些规则,对于法院准予拍卖、变卖抵押物的裁定可依职权交予执行部门执行,改变“依申请”的现状,对于已经达成的抵押权协议未被遵循情况下除非法院对协议进行了审查确认,否则便不能直接向法院申请执行。更多还原

【Abstract】 The realization of the realization of the substantive law must be guaranteed by the implementation of the rules in procedural law,and the procedure must be studied in order to realize the realization of the entity value of the case.Mortgage right has a status in the security right the realization efficiency of mortgage right is related to the development of the security property system,but also related to the protection of the interests of market subjects and the healthy development of market economy.The extent to which the interests of the parties to the mortgage are maintained and how much the cost of the maintenance is to measure the operation of the non-litigation procedure of the mortgage.In order to make the rights and interests of the parties to the mortgage good and fast realization,it is necessary to carry out in-depth and detailed research on the realization of the non-litigation procedure of mortgage right,in order to scientific,reasonable and perfect to achieve the non-litigation procedure rules of mortgage right to protect the non-litigation realization of the mortgage right.The Civil Procedure Act 2012 added to the special procedures the case of the realization of security interests,but only in terms of articles 196 and 197 provided for the principle of the non-procedural rules for the realization of security interests.In order to solve the problems exposed in the application of the non-litigation procedure of security right and to respond to the trial practice of local courts,the Supreme People’s Court promulgated a new Judicial Interpretation of the Law of Civil Procedure in 2015,which made detailed provisions on the subject of application,the court of jurisdiction,the order of realization of the security right,the application materials,and the treatment after acceptance.to make up for the deficiency of the non-litigation procedure for realizing security interest stake in the Civil Procedure Law.As the most important component of security real right,the provisions of the Civil Procedure Law on the realization of security interest cases open the non-litigation procedure for the realization of mortgage rights,but due to the uncertainty of the provisions of the non-litigation procedure rules for the realization of mortgage right,coupled with the differences in the application of different court judges,Through the analysis of the practical health of the non-litigation procedure of mortgage right,it is found that there are many problems in the trial of case jurisdiction,examination content and examination,the form of the production of the adjudication instrument,the protection of litigation and the execution of the mortgage case.The realization of mortgage non-litigation procedures exist in these problems,resulting in the realization of mortgage non-litigation decision scale is not unified,restricting the realization of mortgage non-litigation procedures efficient and efficient implementation,damage the credibility of the court,damage the interests of the parties to the mortgage.In order to make up for the deficiency in the non-litigation procedure of realizing mortgage right,to reduce the damage to the rights and interests of all parties in the legal relationship of mortgage right,and to realize the value of non-litigation procedure of mortgage right,it is necessary to realize the non-litigation procedure of mortgage right scientifically and reasonably.While referring to a large number of literatures,the ruling on the realization of mortgage cases published online by Chinese judicial documents,the use of practical cases to explore and study the problems existing in the non-litigation procedure of mortgage rights,and then put forward the perfect proposal to realize the non-litigation procedure of mortgage right.Improve the non-litigation procedure for the realization of mortgage right,should be refined the jurisdictional rules for the realization of mortgage right,for the registered movable property mortgage to the place of registration as the jurisdiction court,unregistered mortgage contract signed when the place of the mortgage movable property as the seat of property is determined as the jurisdiction court,The court where the movable property floating mortgage is determined to be the place of residence of the mortgagor has jurisdiction over the case,and the jurisdiction of the real estate mortgage is expressly based on the centralized jurisdiction of the court that first filed the case,and the principle of examination and examination is flexibly applied according to the different circumstances of the subject matter of the mortgage,and the examination of the key content of the movable property mortgage is based on the substantive examination,For the comprehensive content of real estate mortgage review,the form of examination as the standard,in the realization of the mortgage case adjudication form,the form of the judgment instrument and the main content of the ruling,improve the litigation protection system,make it clear that the parties are unaccounted for the non-application of the delivery of the notice,the case application costs on the unity,Clearly collect the application fee on a case-by-case basis,improve the interface between the non-litigation procedure of mortgage right and the procedure of proceedings,and,when rejecting the applicant’s application to inform the other party to sue,may be transferred directly from the non-litigation procedure to the proceedings with the consent of the parties to the mortgage right,and it is clearly stipulated that the non-litigation claim severing may be paid after the execution of the non-litigation mortgage ruling has been completed.In the event of implementation,increase the form of compulsory management,clarify the interface between the application procedure and the enforcement procedure,for the court to grant auction,sale of collateral decision may be ex officio to the enforcement department for enforcement,change the status quo of "application",in the case of the mortgage agreement has not been followed unless the court has reviewed the agreement to confirm otherwise,you cannot apply directly to the court for enforcement.更多还原