【作者】 林玲；

【导师】 曹文志；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 海洋事务， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济发展的需求,我国许多河流开发强度高,其中筑坝是人类开发利用水资源的重要手段,随之而来的是对资源超过限度的开发所带来的生态环境效应。本研究在综合国内外已有研究的基础上,开展多闸坝河流生态系统健康评价,选取九龙江北溪(下称“北溪”)河流为研究对象,于2018年夏季至2019年春季期间对北溪进行了每月一次的采样监测,对其水质情况、浮游植物分布情况及水文资料等进行综合分析,分别采用多因子综合评价法和浮游植物生物完整性评价法(Phytoplankton Index of Biotic Integrity,P-IBI)来评价北溪生态系统的健康程度,以期为河流生态系统的管控与治理提供科学依据。研究主要结论如下:(1)基于河流生态系统的完整性构建北溪生态系统健康状况评价指标体系,包含物理指数、水质指数、生物指数及社会服务构成的4个一级指标,6个二级指标及20个指标因子。(2)基于上述多因子综合评价指标体系,得到北溪生态系统整体健康状况评价结果为“良”。不同季节存在一定差异,秋季最好,而冬季最差。北溪干支流生态系统健康状况没有表现明显的差异,干流的营养盐指标评价结果优于支流,其余二级指标评价结果没有明显差别;不同季节闸坝库区所在点位的评价结果均为“中”或“差”。(3)在分析浮游植物群落结构的基础上,构建北溪不同季节P-IBI指标体系,进而评价其生态健康。结果显示北溪在夏季和秋季相对健康程度高,冬季最差;闸坝库区所在点位评价结果相对其他点位差,其余大部分点位评价结果均为“中”及以上;从空间分布上来看,不同季节干流的生态健康程度均劣于支流,且不同季节评价结果与不同的基本理化参数存在相关性。(4)从北溪整体上看,上述两种评价方法的结果基本一致,且均体现出秋季北溪生态系统健康程度最佳而冬季最差,不同季节两种评价方法在各点位的评价结果一致性较高,表明均可应用于多闸坝河流水生态系统健康评价。从各行政区河段评价结果来看,建有较多水电闸坝的河段,如华安县,健康程度较差,因此应加强具有较多闸坝河段的水质与水生态管理。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the demand of economic development,many rivers in our country have a high intensity of development,among which damming is an important means for human beings to develop and utilize water resources,which is followed by the ecological and environmental effects by the development of resources beyond the limit.Based on the existing researches at home and abroad,this study carried out a multi-dams river ecosystem health assessment study,taking the river in the North Creek of Jiulong River(here in after referred to as "North Creek")as the research object,and carried out monthly sampling and monitoring of the river from summer 2018 to spring 2019,and comprehensively analyzed its water quality,phytoplankton distribution and hydrological data.In order to provide scientific basis for the management and control of river ecosystem,multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method and P-IBI evaluation method were used to evaluate the health level of North Creek respectively.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)Based on the integrity of the river ecosystem,4 first-class indexes including physical index,water quality index,biological index and social service are constructed,the first-class indexes are corresponding to 6 second-class indexes and 20 index factors to form an evaluation index system for the health status of the North Creek ecosystem.(2)Based on the above-mentioned multi-factor comprehensive evaluation index system,the overall health evaluation result of North Creek ecosystem is "good".There are some differences in different seasons,with autumn being the best and winter the worst There is no obvious difference in ecosystem health between the main stream and tributaries of North Creek.The evaluation of nutrient indexes in the main stream are better than those in tributaries,the evaluation results of other secondary indexes have no obvious difference.The evaluation results of the location of dams are "medium" or "poor".(3)Based on the analysis of its phytoplankton community structure,the P-IBI index system of North Creek in different seasons was constructed to evaluate its ecological health.The results show that North Creek has a relatively high degree of health in summer and autumn and the worst in winter.The evaluation result of the point where the dam reservoir is located is relatively poor compared with other points,and the evaluation result of most other points is "medium" or above.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the ecological health of main stream in different seasons is lower than that of tributaries,and the evaluation results in different seasons are correlated with different basic physical and chemical parameters.(4)As a whole,the results of the above two evaluation methods are basically the same,and both reflect the best health degree of North Creek ecosystem in autumn and the worst in winter.The results of the two evaluation methods in different seasons are relatively consistent at all points,which indicates that they can be applied to the health evaluation of multi-dam rivers.Judging from the evaluation results of river sections in various administrative regions,the river sections with more hydropower dams,such as Hua’an County,are in poor health.Therefore,the water quality and water ecology management of the river sections with more dams should be strengthened.更多还原