【作者】 李欣；

【导师】 巩本栋；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 本文围绕中国狐形象在域外的嬗变,在前人研究的基础上,以《太平广记》和《今昔物语集》为中心,以与狐相关的文献东传日本为出发点,论述狐小说中环境的建构与历史上实际存在的盗墓、火灾二者的关系,并通过中日两国大量的文本对比,探讨中国狐形象在日本的嬗变,故分为四章展开:第一章运用文献学和统计学的方法,统计平安时期传入日本的与狐有关的汉籍,并以表格的形式呈现,分析狐形象东传日本的可能性;然后运用文本对比的方法,通过中日两国文本中的狐形象的对比,找到狐形象确实东传日本的理论依据,为后面三章的展开建立基础。第二章运用文本对比的方法,分析《太平广记》中狐与墓、狐与盗墓、狐书与墓中书三者之间各自的联系,最终证明《太平广记》狐叙事中墓地空间和狐穴空间的建构其实是对汉魏时期盗墓之风的再现;然后对以陈寅恪、黄永年为代表的以狐喻胡的观点,以及以刘正平为代表的狐化僧暗指摩尼教的观点提出置疑,唐朝以胡喻胡现象是存在的,但在狐小说中表现得并不明显,本文以具体的文本为出发点,结合玄宗时期颁布的重要诏令,证明以狐喻胡在《太平广记》收录的小说中的可阐释性其实很小;最后以上古巫术为切入点,结合汉朝的祥瑞观、魏晋时期的妖怪观和唐朝道教的发展,阐述天狐观的概念、特征、形成、及其在狐小说中的具体体现。第三章结合史学和文学两个方面的知识,概括《今昔物语集》中狐叙事的环境的类型,并以文本中的时间为主要论据,建立起狐叙事中的环境与平安时期的京城的几次大火灾之间的关系;然后以性格特征为中心,分析狐形象的性格特征的种类,对比这些特征与中国狐形象性格特征的差异,探讨其中的继承与新变,并从日本的民俗信仰和妖怪观念中寻找原因;最后结合日本本土同时期的作品,主要是贵族笔记,总结贵族笔记中的狐形象与《今昔物语集》中的狐形象的异同,并从各自的编撰目的和编撰主体分析形成这种异同的原因。第四章通过具体的文本对比,分析《今昔物语集》中天狗、野猪、蛇三种形象和叙事模式对《太平广记》中狐形象和狐叙事模式的借鉴,从而对中国狐形象在域外嬗变的过程和原因形成一个科学的阐释。附录是对正文日本狐小说研究的完善和补充,分为两个专题:其一是以日本民间广泛存在的狐冢信仰为切入点,在柳田国男和吉野裕子两位学者的假说的基础上,重新阐释狐冢的概念,并从中国狐小说中墓穴和狐穴与汉魏时期盛行的盗墓之风的关系出发,证明狐冢信仰的本质是将中国民间的狐神信仰和狐小说中的狐穴结合起来。其二是以日本民间故事中大量存在的狐与马的现象为出发点,总结文本中狐与马关系的具体体现,并以表格的形式呈现,然后从变身方式和文本地点两个方面找到这些文本与中国狐小说极大的相似性,在对吉野裕子狐马相生说的基础上,最终证明《竹书纪年》中“有马化为狐”和江户时期广为流传的马头观音信仰才是此类文本产生的根本原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the spread and changes of "Chinese Fox Image" in extraterritorial regions,based on<Taiping Guangji>and<Konjakumonogatarisyu>as well as research of previous studies,and according to the spread of the literature related to"Chinese Fox Image" in Japan,this paper discusses the relationship between the environmental construction in novels of "Fox Image" and the actual tomb robbery and fire hazards in history and investigates the spread and changes of"Chinese Fox Image" in Japan by the text comparison between these belonging to China and Japan.Therefore,this paper is divided into four chapters:Chapter 1 Methods from Philology and Statistics are used to calculate 〃Fox-related" literature introduced to Japan from China in Heian Period.And from the results,it provides the high possibility of the spread of "Chinese Fox Image" to Japan.Then by the approach of text comparison(the comparison of "Fox Image" of in Chinese texts and Japanese texts),in the similarity of image construction and environmental narration,this chapter finds the theoretical basis of the spread of "Chinese Fox Image" to Japan in order to establish the foundation for discussions of the following three chapters.Chapter 2 By using the method of text comparison,this part analyzes the connections among the three pairs respectively in<Taiping Guangji>:"fox and tomb,"fox and tomb robbery" and "fox books and books in tombs",and proves that the construction of the space of the graveyard and the space of the cave of fox in the narration of fox in<Taiping Guangji>is the reproduction of the tomb robbery in Han and Wei dynasties.Then it questions the viewpoint that "Fox" is the metaphor for "Hu"(non-Han ethnic groups living in the north and west China)of some scholars such as Chen Yinque and Huang Yongnian and the opinion that "a fox becoming a monk" implies Manicheism proposed by Liu Zhengping.The phenomenon of using "Fox" to metaphorize "Hu" existed in Tang dynasty,but it was not obvious in novels describing "Fox".Based on the specific texts and the important imperial edicts issued during Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty,this paper proves that the interpretability of "Fox"metaphorizing "Hu" in<Taiping Guangji>is very small.At the end,the concept,characteristics,formation of "Celestial Fox" and its specific embodiment in "Fox" novels are illustrated by employing ancient witchcraft as an entry point,and combining the viewpoint of auspicious sign in Han Dynasty,the concept of monster in Wei and Jin Dynasties and the development of Taoism in Tang Dynasty.Chapter 3 From the viewpoints of history and literature,this paper summarizes the types of the environment of the fox narration in<Konjakumonogatari syu>and takes the time in the text as the main argument to establish the relationship between the environment of the fox narration and several big fires in the capital of Japan during Heian Period.Then,centering on the character traits,it analyzes the types of the character characteristics of the fox image,compares the differences between these characteristics and the character characteristics of the "Chinese Fox Image",discusses the inheritance and new changes,and finds reasons from the folk beliefs and monster concepts of Japan.And at last,connecting some corresponding works(mainly from notes of aristocrats)in native Japan,the similarities and differences between the images of the fox in the notes of aristocrats and in<Konjakumonogatarisyu>are summarized.Reasons are discussed from the purposes and subjects of compilation respectively.Chapter 4 The text is carefully examined to summarize the image of"Monster Dog" and its narrative characteristics.And the changes in the concept and cultural connotation of "Monster Dog" are concluded from the perspective of the Chinese classics.Then based on the text comparison,the image and narrative modes of "Monster Dog" in<Konjakumonogatarisyu>and its reference in "Chinese Fox Image" and its narrative modes in<Taiping Guangji>are analyzed.Besides,two other images("Boar" and."Snake")are also investigated by the similar research modes conducted in the study of "Monster Dog" to make a scientific explanation to the spread and changes of "Chinese Fox Image" outside its territory.Appendix This part,the perfection and supplement of the study of Japanese "Fox" novels(appeared in the main body),is divided into two sections:(1)Based on the widely spread folk belief in "Fox Mound"among Japanese people and the hypothesis of two scholars(Yanagita Kunio and Yoshino Yuko),the concept of "Fox Mound" is reinterpreted.And the essence of the folk belief in "Fox Mound"—the combination of "Celestial Fox" in Chinese folk belief and the cave of fox in Chinese "Fox" novels—is demonstrated based on the relationship between the grave and the cave of fox in Chinese "Fox novels and the prevailing tomb robbery in Han and Wei dynasties.(2)The specific embodiment of the relationship between "Fox" and "Horse" is summarized(see table xxx)from the abundant images of "Fox" and"Horse" in Japanese folk tales and then the great similarities between these texts and Chinese "Fox" novels are found from the two aspects:the transformation mode and the location of the text.And after questioning the theory,raised by Yoshino Yuko,that the "Fox"and "Horse" are inter-promoted,the primary cause of the origin of these texts is proved:the belief of "a horse converts into a fox" in<Zhushu Jinian>and the widespread folk belief of "Horse-head"Guanyin Bodhisattva in Edo Period.更多还原