【作者】 朱丹；

【导师】 葛飞； 潘志强；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 晚年周作人在政权更迭的时代背景下,经历了落狱、出狱和回归日常生活的过程。有过事伪经历的他在面对新的国家政权时,他的书信中既有致书高层时的自我辩白,又有致信好友时的含糊其辞;专栏散文中有歌功颂德的官样文章,也有平和自然的袖珍小品;杂诗中有一贯坚持的对于儿童、民俗传统的珍视,还有隐秘流露出的对事伪的苦闷和悔恨;日记和遗嘱中则有着对死的反复书写。不同文体因预设对象的不同,文字间的从容、平和与含混、暖昧交织在一起,所呈现出的碰撞、失衡、矛盾的表达,形成了窥探其晚年心态的缝隙。而探寻周作人的晚年心态,又直接关涉到20世纪中叶,知识分子面对新政权时的心路转变、自我身份的确认、话语方式的建构。第一章以周作人的落水经历为焦点,分析其晚年寻找新的个人身份与话语方式的驱动力量。“落水”事件作为周作人人生境遇的重要转折点之一,直接导致了后来的受审、入狱以及出狱后丧失公民权的晚年生活,同时也间接影响了他在晚年对写作内容的取舍,以及写作方式的变化。一方面,他对落水的四种辩解方式来自以往吸收的儒释等中国古代思想资源,进而试图以此对抗现代法治,同时有意弱化声音的个人化特征。另一方面,杂诗中流露出的复杂情绪又与辩解相冲突。这两方面相互作用,共同驱动周作人晚年心态的生成。第二章写晚年周作人通过借用鲁迅书写,开始探索、建构适合新社会、新环境的晚年话语方式。他一方面受到来自鲁迅纪念馆、出版社以及各报刊、研究者、读者的约稿、问询,另一方面为“稻粮谋”,自己主动撰写了大量有关鲁迅的回忆文章以及书信。有意无意间对鲁迅的频频书写,造就了弥漫在周作人晚年写作中挥之不去的鲁迅形象,其有时作为与周作人相对照的存在而出现,有时又成为他自我辩白、保证话语权的重要屏障。第三章写周作人完成了新政权下的心态转变,包括自我身份的确立与话语方式的建构。前两章分别选取了在周作人晚年言说中占很大比重的两类话题:附逆问题和鲁迅。从特定话题的确可以直观且明显地看出周作人在晚年的心态及转变,但日常生活才是生命的常态,故第三章以他的日常生活状况、写作和翻译情况、对待生死的态度为立足点,考察其晚年心态。晚年的他在日常生活中,再次将目光由外部社会转向自己的园地,以期在晚年重新开始。他一面谨慎地对待自己过去的问题,写些逢迎文章,但人生苦甜大略尝过的他终于脱尽油滑,回归日常与自然的心境之中。通过正文三个章节的分析,可以得出判断:周作人在晚年即使转变了言说策略,他的心态基本没有发生变化。他对于自身落水、对鲁迅的评价等问题的看法都未改变。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 1940s,when regime changing and the consistent wars,Zhou Zuoren(1885-1967)had the experiences of being sent to prison and then back to normal life.As the one who once worked for Japanese government,there are self-explanations in his letters to government leaders and to his friends.There are column essays written to praise the contributions of the government,and to express the peace and nature as he had written before.There are poems composed to express his cherish to children and local costumes,and also to convey his regret secretly for his traitor behaviors.There are dairies and wills which have frequently referred to the death.Depending on predicted readers,Zhou chose to write in different styles to convey his different feelings or express the same feeling but in different ways,in which we can see the conflicts,contradictions and imbalances among his writings.All of those consist the path for us to research on Zhou Zuoren’s mentality in his later years.Furthermore,the research on Zhou’s mentality in later years concerns how Chinese scholars changed their way of thinking and dealing with reality when they faced the new political power.Chapter one tries to figure out how Zhou’s former identity and way of speaking were deconstructed,based on his experience of serving for the Japanese government.As one of the most important turning point in his life,his traitor behavior caused him to be charged,sent to prison and no civil rights in his later life,as well as the changes in way of writing.On the one hand,the four kinds of explanations for his traitor behavior came from Confucianism,Buddhism and other resources of ancient Chinese thoughts,by which Zhou tried to resist the MODERN legal system.On the other hand,the regret conveyed by his poems conflicted with his explanations.Both of these worked together to motive the establishment of Zhou’s mentality in his later life.Chapter two explains how Zhou started to explore and establish his identity and way of speaking,which might be suitable to the new society and environment,by writing about his elder brother LU Xun.He got abundant invitations to recall LU Xun from Luxun Museum,publishing houses,magazines and researchers.Meanwhile,instead of passively recalling LU Xun,he wrote a lot of memorial essays about his brother by initiative.Consciously or unconsciously recalling LU Xun by frequency contributed to LU Xun’s continuous influence on Zhou’s writings in his later life.Sometimes he appeared as Zhou’s comparison,and sometimes he acted as Zhou’s protection of self-explaining and speaking.Chapter three deals that ZHOU Zuoren completed the establishment of his mentality and identity when facing the new political power.As we all know,daily life is the normal state of our life,which can be observed to imagine one’s mental state.So by researching on ZHOU’s daily life,including his economic condition,writing and translating,his opinion on live and death,we can understand his mentality in his later years.ZHOU Zuoren paid his attention from the outside society to his own again,just as what he did in 1920s,so that he could restart in his later life.Although he wrote some essays to praise the new official power and explained for himself about his traitor behavior,most of his later life state was full of peace.He returned to daily,normal and natural mentality again.Based on above,we can reach to the conclusion that even though ZHOU Zuoren changed his way of speaking,his mentality almost has not changed in his later years.His viewpoints,such as to his traitor behavior and to his brother Lu Xun,have not changed at all.更多还原