【作者】 刘丽；

【导师】 陈永清；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学(北京) ， 地质工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,社会经济高速发展对矿产资源的需求与日俱增,遥感作为一种发展迅速、应用广泛、日趋成熟的技术,凭其独特的优势,在描述构造特征,圈定岩石类型,确定围岩蚀变发挥了突出的作用。蚀变岩石是在热液作用影响下,使矿物成分、化学成分、结构、构造等发生变化的岩石。蚀变围岩是一种重要的找矿标志。本文使用TM数据,以宁夏贺兰山北段地区作为研究区,通过对围岩蚀变异常信息的提取,进行找矿预测。取得主要成果如下:(1)区域地质矿产特征和成矿规律的研究。分析宁夏地区的自然地理和地质背景,以贺兰山北段普查区为重点研究区进行地质特征和成矿规律的研究。利用已有的区域地质矿产资料和遥感解译成果,重点对贺兰山区域含矿地层、矿化蚀变特征和矿产分布进行分析和掌握,为区域找矿做准备;(2)选择适于本地区的蚀变异常提取方法。本文主要用掩膜去除雨雪、阴影等的影响,然后用主成分分析法进行信息提取,再选择合适的阈值对异常信息进行分级,最后用滤波去除孤立点,提高精度。(3)综合信息分析。遥感资料综合分析的方法有两个方面:一是研究遥感影像上线、环形体与区域矿产分布及成矿的关系;二是通过多种方法的遥感影像增强处理,选择合适的方法进行矿化蚀变提取。最后综合分析遥感成矿信息和地质资料,为成矿预测提供有用信息。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with more and more requirements of mineral resources,the remote sensing,which is developing rapidly,used widely and become more and more mature,is playing an important role in delimiting structural feature,in the delimitation of rock type and scope and in confirming the location of wall rock alteration because of its unique advantages.The altered country rock is one of deformational rocks which have changed from the mineral components,chemical composition and structures of the rocks under the influence of hydrothermal process.The altered country rock is a main ore guide.This paper uses remote sensing data(TM)of the Ningxia Helan Mountain Region,to make metallogenic prediction through wall-rock alteration anomaly information extraction.Main research content includes:(1)The research of regional geological mineral characteristics and metallogenic regularities.By analyzing the physical geography and geologic setting of Helan Mountain Region in Ningxia,using pre-existing regional geological mineral material and sensing results,to analysis and master the mineralized alteration characteristics and mineral distribution,and to prepare for regional ore-searching.(2)To choose proper method to do anomaly pick-up.This paper uses mask to get rid of the influence of snow,rain and shadow first,then use principal component analysis to do anomaly pick-up,then choose proper threshold value to classify the result,finally,delete the isolated vertexes by using filtering.(3)Comprehensive information analysis.Remote sensing comprehensive information analysis includes two hands:one is to research the relation between the lines,the loops on the remote sensing image and the regional mineral distribution;the other is to enhance the remote sensing image in various ways,to choose proper method to do anomaly pick-up.更多还原