【作者】 王伟；

【导师】 李斌；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的发展、社会的进步和人民生活水平的提高,人们的旅游观念发生了深刻变化。传统的随团旅游方式已不能满足人们的需求,张扬个性的自助旅游悄然兴起,成为一种时尚的生活方式。自助旅游作为一种新兴的旅游方式,以亲近自然和放松身心为特点,使旅游者有充分的时间和自由张扬个性,满足旅游者的个性化需求,同时也促进了自助旅游市场的快速发展。伴随着自助游的发展,自助游的法律纠纷也逐渐增长,但是目前还没有相关的法律法规来解决这增多的法律纠纷,虽然2010年11月1日开始施行的《最高人民法院关于审理旅游纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》对旅游纠纷案件适用法律问题作出了较为详细的规定,但遗憾的是其中并没有涉及到自助游法律纠纷的法律适用问题,这就使得国内法院在面对此类问题的时候无从下手,找不到合适的法律依据,往往只能从法理方面进行分析,就案论案,判决经常引起社会争议。在现实生活中,由于自助游团体并非是一个可以独立承担民事责任的民事主体,因此法律责任的矛头绝大多数直接指向了自助游的组织者,那么自助游的组织者在自助游活动过程中对自助游参加者所遭遇的灾难和事故是否应当承担法律责任呢?本文拟从民法的基本原理,侵权责任法角度出发,分析自助游组织者承担侵权责任的法律基础。本文共分为五部分:第一部分,首先介绍我国两例自助游案件的简要情况以及判决结果,引出本文的话题,即自助游组织者遇到的的法律责任问题,同时对目前我国自助游中组织者的法律困境进行分析。第二部分,介绍自助游组织者的法律关系和安全注意义务。第三部分,分析自助游组织者侵权责任的归责原则。第四部分,从侵权责任的构成要件分析自助游组织者的侵权责任,并分析组织者侵权责任的几种抗辩事由。第五部分,针对我国自助游组织者责任的现状提出相应的法律对策。笔者认为:在规范自助游活动中,明确自助游组织者的责任承担的同时,也要对自助游组织者的责任加以严格的限制,在维护自助游参加者的合法权益的同时,也能保护自助游组织者的积极性,规范市场秩序,促进自助旅游业的蓬勃发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economy,the progress of social and the improvement of people’s living standard,people’s concept of tourism has undergone profound changed.Traditional package tours are not satisfied with the way people travel preferences of the individual ravel needs.The individuality of travel has quietly rising to become a fashionable lifestyle.Self-tour as a new form of tour,which in order to get close to nature and relax,so that the tourists have sufficient time and freedom to individuality,to meet the individual needs of the tourists,but also to promote the rapid development of the travel market.With the development of the self-tour,the legal disputes of are gradually growing,but there are no relevant laws and regulations to solve this increasing of legal disputes.Although "The Supreme People’s Court on the trial of travel disputes on some issues of applicable law rules" has been implemented on November 1,2010,which made more detailed provisions on the travel dispute case applicable legislation problem,but unfortunately,which did not involve self-tour legal disputes concerning the application of law.It made our courts when faced with such Problems could not find a suitable legal basis.For the only form of the legal aspects of the analysis on the ease,the decision has often led to social controversy.Therefore the legal liability at most time points to the self-tour organizer,but then self-tour organizer whether should bear legal liability when the self-tour participants suffered disaster or accidents in the self-tour activities?This article from the basic principle of civil law,tort liability law point of view,analysis self-tour organizer shall assume the tort liability law foundation.This thesis is divided into five parts:The thesis begins with a brief introduction of the two disputes over the self-tour and the judgment.Reflecting on the eases,the author leads out the topic of the thesis,i.e.the legal responsibility of the organizers of independent travel,at the same time,to analysis the present situation of self-tour organizer legal responsibility.The second part,introduce the travel organizer legal relationship and safety duty of care.The third part,analyze self-tour organizer of the principles of tort liability.The fourth part,analyzing the self-tour organizer’s tort liability of from the study of elements of tort liability,and introducing the self-tour organizer’s several defenses to tort liability.The fifth part,aims at our country self-tour organizer liability to the status of corresponding legal countermeasures.The author thinks:In the self-tour activities,we need clear the responsibility of self-tour organizer,but also strictly limit the self-tour organizer responsibility.In the maintenance of self-tour tour participants’legitimate rights and interests,but also can protect the self-tour organizer’s enthusiasm,regulate market order,and promote self-tour tourism development.更多还原