【作者】 罗琳；

【导师】 李宏祥；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪70年代,理查德·沃尔海姆(Richard Wollheim)在《艺术及其对象》一书的附录论文中提出美学中存在着一项牢不可破的原则,即“亲知原则”(Acquaintance Principle)。该原则坚持“审美价值的判断不同于道德知识的判断,它必定是建基在对于它们对象的第一手经验的基础上的,而且它并未期待在非常狭窄的限度之内由某人传递给另一个人。”这一原则的提出承袭了传统美学理论中对审美判断主观性和直接性命题的探讨,并受到认识论哲学亲知理论的影响。沃尔海姆从观者取向的美学研究视角出发,将其总结为以经验的第一手性和判断的不可传递性为特征的审美判断规范原则。伴随着艺术和美学的发展,对于被重新申明的亲知原则是否能够容纳新兴的艺术和审美现象的不同回答引发了新的争论。论文的第一章从经验性解释的局限、审美证词论证、审美推理论证以及适当替代品论证等几个方面陈述了对亲知原则提出的质疑。这些反对和质疑的声音都将矛头指向了亲知原则对审美判断两项特性的规定,以此为基点,论文的第二章试着将亲知定义中的含混之处厘清,分析对对象、经验、判断以及证词等概念的不同理解是如何造成以上分歧的。第三章在总结沃尔海姆亲知定义缺陷及其理论价值的基础上,从一个新的角度提出了质疑并尝试使用约翰·杜威(John Dewey)的“一个经验”理论对其进行修正。文章的最后从正面阐发了审美亲知的特质,并指明我们坚持亲知对于提高鉴赏力、实现审美价值的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 1970 s,in an addendum to Art and Its Objects,Richard Wollheim proposed Acquaintance Principle,an unbreakable Principle in aesthetics.The principle insists that “Judgments of aesthetic value,unlike judgments of moral knowledge,must be based on first-hand experience of their objects and are not,except within very narrow limits,transmissible from one person to another.” This principle inherits the traditional aesthetic theory of subjectivity in aesthetic judgment and the direct theory,and is influenced by the knowledge by acquaintance theory in epistemological philosophy.Starting from the perspective of aesthetic research of viewer orientation,Wollheim summarizes it as a normative principle of aesthetic judgment characterized by first-hand experience and not transmissible of judgment.With the development of art and aesthetics,different answers to whether the restated acquaintance principle can accommodate the emerging artistic and aesthetic phenomena have aroused new debates.In the first part of the thesis,the limitation of experiential account,aesthetic testimony argument,aesthetic inferentialism argument and appropriate substitute argument are stated to challenge the acquaintance principle.These objections and doubts all point to the stipulation of the acquaintance principle on the two characteristics of aesthetic judgment.Based on this,the second chapter of the paper tries to clarify the ambiguity in the definition of acquaintance principle and analyzes how the differences are caused by different understandings of the concepts of object,experience,judgment and testimony.The third chapter summarizes the defects of Wollheim’s definition of acquaintance principle and tries to correct it with John Dewey’s theory of “an experience”.At the end of the article,the characteristics of acquaintance principle are positively elucidated,and the significance of insisting it is pointed out for improving taste and realizing aesthetic value.更多还原