【作者】 王璐；

【导师】 程爽；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 阮清越是一位杰出的当代越南裔美国作家,其处女作《同情者》一经发表就受到文学界的广泛关注,并囊括多项文学奖项。《同情者》讲述了越战后主人公在南北阵营中担任双重间谍的故事。他不仅在秘密任务和掩护身份之间左右为难,还在祖国和美国之间,以及在法国和越南血统之间左右为难,分裂在两个世界之间。主人公因多重身份而饱受折磨,加之紧张的个体环境,导致其内心世界充满焦虑,最终形成人的异化。不仅如此,小说中其他的人物也不同程度发生了异化。埃里希·弗洛姆是美国当代著名精神分析学家、西方马克思主义法兰克福学派重要代表人物。本文运用他的异化观点论述阮清越的小说《同情者》中人的自我异化,人与人之间的异化以及人与社会的异化,并探索造成小说中人物异化的原因。本文包括绪论、五个主要章节和结论。绪论部分简要介绍了阮清越、《同情者》、文献综述以及论文框架。第一章简述异化理论的起源与发展,并重点介绍了弗洛姆有关异化的观点。通过分析异化主要体现为人的异化,即人的自我异化,人与人的异化以及人与社会的异化。第二章主要探讨了《同情者》中人与自我的异化,主要包括《同情者》小说中人物的自我异化,分析显示异化可通过其身份、行为以及心理等方面的变化来展现。第三章主要分析了《同情者》中人际关系的异化,主要从家庭关系和两性关系两个方面进行研究。在家庭关系的异化方面,探讨了父亲的缺位和亲人们的轻视。在两性关系的异化方面,分析了用性愉悦代替爱情和爱人之间地位的失衡。表明了人与人之间不再有爱、信任和责任,取而代之的只是敌意和冷漠。第四章探讨了《同情者》中人与社会的异化。分析了人类活动的一切范围都必须受有关规章制度的支配和操纵。人成为社会活动中的工具。同时,人们在行动中遵循以利益为导向的行为原则。第五章从外部因素和内部因素两个方面分析了人造成异化的原因。前者包括国家之间的战争,国家内部的分裂,以及白人和非白人之间不同的文化价值观;后者涉及道德堕落和好莱坞强大的话语权。结论部分指出,异化普遍存在于社会中,是人类共同面对的问题与挑战。论文通过运用弗洛姆的异化理论对《同情者》进行全面的分析,真实深刻地揭露社会中存在的异化现象,有助于人们追求自我的道路上寻求到正确的方向,具有一定的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Viet Thanh Nguyen is an outstanding contemporary American writer of Vietnamese descent.His debut work,The Sympathizer,has received widespread attention from the literary world since it was published and has won many literary awards.The Sympathizer tells the protagonist’s story serving as a double-face spy in North Vietnam and South Vietnam after the Vietnam War.He is torn not only between his covert mission and his cover identity but also between his homeland and the United States,and between his French and Vietnamese ancestries.He splits between these two worlds.Being tortured by multiple identities,coupled with a tense individual environment,his inner world is full of anxiety,and eventually alienated.In addition to this,characters in The Sympathizer are all alienated to some degree.Erich Fromm is a famous American psychoanalyst and an important representative of the Frankfurt School of Western Marxism.This thesis tends to apply his views on alienation to the discussion of the characters’ self-alienation,alienation in interpersonal relations and alienation from society in The Sympathizer,and probe into the causes of the alienation.The thesis includes an introduction,five main chapters,and a conclusion.The introductory section briefly introduces Viet Thanh Nguyen’s life experience and the main content of The Sympathizer,literature review,and the thesis statement.Chapter One briefly describes the origins and development of the alienation theory and focuses on Fromm’s viewpoints on alienation.This chapter points that the alienation is chiefly embodied in human alienation which includes people’s self-alienation,alienation in interpersonal relations and alienation from society.Chapter Two analyzes the selfalienation in The Sympathizer.The characters’ self-alienation can be presented through changes in their identity,behavior,and psychology.Chapter Three analyzes the alienation in interpersonal relations in The Sympathizer mainly from the two aspects of family relationship and gender relationship.In the alienation of family relations,the absence of the father and the contempt of relatives are discussed.In the alienation of the relationship between the sexes,the imbalance between the status of lovers’ sexual pleasure instead of love is analyzed,which indicates that there is neither love nor trust or responsibility among people,but merely hostility and indifference.Chapter Four analyzes the alienation from society.The scope of all human activities must be governed and manipulated by relevant rules and regulations.It is mainly reflected in the fact that people become tools in social activities.At the same time,people follow the principle of benefit-oriented behavior in actions.Chapter Five analyzes the factors leading to human alienation from two aspects: external factors and internal factors.The former includes wars between nations,splits within countries,and different cultural values between the white and nonwhite;the latter involves moral degradation and the strong power of Hollywood discourse.The conclusion indicates that alienation is widespread in the society and it is a common problem or challenge faced by all human beings.The thesis applies Fromm’s alienation theory to conduct a comprehensive analysis of The Sympathizer,aiming to expose the alienation phenomenon in society truly and profoundly,which helps people seek the right direction on the road of self-seeking and has specific practical significance.更多还原