2017-2020年上海历史学业水平等级考试题研究

【作者】 张琦；

【导师】 林宏；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 在高考改革背景下,上海作为首批试点地区,自2017年开始实行学业水平等级考,历史学科成为选考科目之一,其命题的走向与特点,受到越来越多的关注。新课标和新教材的使用,使上海历史新高考相应地发生新变化,呈现新特点。本文以2017-2020年的上海市历史学业水平等级考试题为研究对象,对试卷命制的依据、试题题型与分值、知识点分布与考察,材料的选取,设问形式等问题进行分析,从而总结出试卷的特点,为今后上海市高中历史教学提供借鉴。论文主体内容包括三个部分。第一部分从上海高考和等级考政策的变化与等级考试题的命制两个方面对上海市历史学科的等级考进行概述,指出上海市历史等级考的是在不断地适应新课程改革的目标要求下取得的改革成果。试题的命制一方面适应了新课改培育人文素养的要求,体现一定的创新性。一方面以课标、考试说明与教材为依据进行科学命制,体现其规范性。第二部分主要采用表格的方式从内容与结构两个维度对试题进行统计和分析。通过对试题的题量分值与题型结构进行统计,发现试题在结构上保持稳定,题型主要由选择题与综合分析题两部分构成,且各部分分值布局合理。针对试题内容,主要从考察内容与课程标准、教材两大方面进行对应。通过与课程标准进行对照,发现试题内容遵循课标要求的内容,是对课标重点内容进行有针对性的考察,且综合分析题比选择题对应在课标中的要求更高。与教材进行对照,发现试题考察的知识点分布合理,与教材重难点大致匹配,且注重考查中国近代史和世界近现代史。第三部分通过分析例题揭示上海市历史等级考试题的特点,接着在试卷研究的基础上对历史教学提出一些建议。通过对真题进行分析,发现上海市历史等级考试题具有考查主干知识,考察形式多样灵活,重视对历史核心素养的考察,重视史学理论与史学能力的培养等特点。基于对试题特点分析的基础,提出了在中学教学实践中要把握教学立意,重视主干知识;加强培养历史学科核心素养;加强史学理论的学习,拓宽史学视野等具有操作性的教学方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of the reform of the college entrance examination,Shanghai,as one of the first pilot areas,has implemented the academic level examination since 2017,and the subject of history has become one of the optional subjects,and the trend and characteristics of its propositions have attracted more and more attention.The use of new curriculum standards and new teaching materials has brought about new changes and new characteristics in Shanghai’s new history college entrance examination.This paper analyzes the basis of the test paper system,the type and score of the test question,the distribution and examination of knowledge points,the selection of materials,the form of questions and other issues,etc.,based on the research object of the 2017-2020 Shanghai History Academic Level Examination,so as to summarize the characteristics of the test paper and provide reference for the future teaching of history in Shanghai high schools.The main content of the paper consists of three parts.The first part summarizes the grade examination of the history discipline in Shanghai from the two aspects of the changes in the shanghai college entrance examination and the grade examination policy and the order system of the grade examination questions,and points out that the shanghai history grade examination is the reform results achieved under the continuous adaptation to the goal requirements of the new curriculum reform.On the one hand,the life system of the test questions meets the requirements of the new curriculum reform to cultivate humanistic literacy,reflecting a certain degree of innovation.On the one hand,it is based on curriculum standards,examination instructions and teaching materials for scientific proposition,reflecting its standardization.The second part mainly uses a tabular approach to statistically analyze the test questions from the two dimensions of content and structure.Through the statistics of the question size score and question type structure of the test questions,it is found that the test questions remain stable in structure,and the question types are mainly composed of two parts: multiple choice questions and comprehensive analysis questions,and the score layout of each part is reasonable.For the content of the test questions,the content of the examination is mainly corresponding to the two aspects of the examination content and the curriculum standards and teaching materials.By comparing with the curriculum standards,it is found that the content of the test questions follows the requirements of the course standards,which is a targeted investigation of the key content of the course standards,and the comprehensive analysis questions are more demanding than the multiple choice questions in the course standards.Compared with the textbook,it is found that the knowledge points examined by the test questions are reasonably distributed,which roughly matches the difficulties of the textbook,and pays attention to the examination of modern Chinese history and modern world history.The third part reveals the characteristics of the Shanghai History Grade Examination questions through the analysis of example questions,and then puts forward some suggestions for history teaching on the basis of examination paper research.Through the analysis of the real questions,it is found that the Shanghai History Grade Examination questions have the characteristics of examining the main knowledge,the various and flexible forms of examination,the examination of the core literacy of history,and the cultivation of historical theory and historical ability.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the test questions,it is proposed to grasp the teaching intention and attach importance to the main knowledge in the teaching practice of secondary schools;Strengthen the cultivation of core literacy in the discipline of history;Strengthen the study of historical theories,broaden the horizons of historiography and other operational teaching methods.更多还原