【作者】 韩立兴；

【导师】 齐冰；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 发展与教育心理学（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 语义分类灵活性是指在特定情境下通过选择目标所代表的相关意义来进行多重分类的能力。也就是,当个体面对不同的实验条件或反馈时,灵活地调整并转换不同分类方式的能力(如,从分类学分类转换成主题分类或从主题分类转换成分类学分类)。语义分类灵活性有助于减少个体的认知资源损耗,增强问题解决能力。明确大学生语义分类灵活性的行为特点及其眼动特征,能够为分类研究提供理论支撑和实践启示。本研究选取大学生为被试,采用行为和眼动实验探讨中国大学生语义分类灵活性的特征及其内部机制。本研究共包含三个子研究。研究1以38名大学生为被试,采用自由分类的样本匹配范式考察了大学生的语义分类倾向。在此基础上,研究2以70名大学生为被试,采用限定条件的样本匹配范式(包括“分类学-分类学-主题”和“主题-主题-分类学”两种条件)探究了大学生在给定规则条件下的语义分类灵活性特征。研究3以68名大学生为被试,进一步探究了大学生语义分类灵活性的眼动特征。研究结果显示:(1)在自由分类条件下,大学生在语义分类的两种方式上存在显著差异。与主题分类相比,大学生更倾向于采用分类学分类。(2)在限定规则条件下,大学生在“分类学-分类学-主题”和“主题-主题-分类学”两种实验条件间均存在显著差异。综合分析表明,大学生在分类学分类方式上的灵活性更高。(3)大学生在主题关系图片和分类学关系图片的眼动注视轨迹上存在显著差异。在保持阶段,大学生注视主题关系图片时的瞳孔直径显著大于分类学关系图片和目标图片;对于主题关系图片的回视入次数显著多于分类学关系图片和目标图片;而对分类学关系图片的回视路径阅读时间则显著多于主题关系图片。在转换阶段,大学生对主题关系图片的回视入次数显著多于分类学关系图片和目标图片。综上所述,大学生对主题关系图片的加工更加困难,需要比分类学关系图片更多的认知资源。以上结果表明,大学生具有分类学分类优势,在这一分类方式上的灵活性更高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Semantic classification flexibility refers to the ability to carry out multiple classification by selecting the relevant meaning represented by the target of a specific situation.That is,the ability of individuals to flexibly adjust and convert different classification methods when facing different experimental conditions or feedback(for example,from taxonomic classification to thematic classification or from thematic classification to component taxonomic classification).Semantic classification flexibility helps to reduce the loss of individual cognitive resources and enhance problem-solving ability.Clarifying the behavioral characteristics and eye movement characteristics of College Students’ semantic classification flexibility can provide theoretical support and practical enlightenment for classification research.This study selects college student as subjects,and uses behavior and eye movement experiments to explore the characteristics and internal mechanism of semantic classification flexibility of Chinese college students.This study consists of three sub-studies.In Study 1,a sample matching paradigm of free classification was used to investigate the semantic classification tendency towards 38 college students.In Study 2,70 college students were selected as subjects to explore the semantic classification flexibility of college students under given rules by using sample matching paradigms with limited conditions(including “taxonomic-taxonomic-thematic” and“thematic-thematic-taxonomic”).Study 3 used 68 college students as subjects to further explore the eye movement characteristics of semantic classification flexibility of college students.The results show that:(1)under the condition of free classification,college students have significant differences in the two ways of semantic classification.Compared with thematic classification,college students prefer taxonomic classification.(2)Under the limited rules,there are significant differences between the two experimental conditions of“taxonomic-taxonomic-thematic” and “thematic-thematic-taxonomic”.Comprehensive analysis shows that college students are more flexible in taxonomic classification.(3)There are significant differences in eye movement fixation trajectories between thematic relationship pictures and taxonomic relationship pictures.In the maintenance stage,the pupil diameter of college students looking at the thematic relationship picture was significantly larger than that of taxonomic relationship picture and target picture;The number of retrospectives for the thematic relation pictures was significantly higher than that of the taxonomic relation pictures and the target pictures;However,the reading time of looking back path of taxonomic relation pictures was significantly longer than that of thematic relation pictures.In the transformation stage,the number of college students looking back at the thematic relationship picture is significantly more than the taxonomic relationship picture and the target picture.To sum up,it is more difficult for college students to process thematic relationship pictures,and they need more cognitive resources than taxonomic relationship pictures.The above results show that college students have the advantage of taxonomic classification and have higher flexibility in this classification method.更多还原