【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 张今杰；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 哲学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 科学技术的不断发展带来了全球经济的迅猛增长和社会财富的极大丰富,同时也导致生态文明建设进程中的一系列问题,加剧了生态危机的恶化程度,而深入学习和理解斯奈德的生态哲学思想能够为解决上述问题提供有益借鉴,带动当前社会逐步向生态经济发展方向迈进。本文综合运用跨学科交叉研究法、比较研究法、文献分析法等多种研究方法,从环境哲学视角进行了深入的探讨,紧紧围绕斯奈德所处的时代背景,结合相关著作对理论渊源进行深挖。斯奈德作为深层生态学的桂冠诗人,其生态哲学思想的形成有着多种来源。生态危机为其提供了理论目标;中国禅宗佛教、道家思想为其提供了否定人类中心主义的勇气;深层次生态学说为他提供了科学底基;环境伦理学为其提供了理论依据。可以说,斯奈德生态哲学思想来源于西方环境伦理学和现代生态学,又是对它的超越,和爱默生、梭罗、缪尔相比,斯奈德它更加注重内心与自然界的交流与沟通,所追求的是和自然界融为一体。他开明的人类中心主义敬畏生命原则,号召现代人类必须学会“在低消耗中成长”。他的荒野观中西交融,既有对西方荒野观念的传承,又有缘于东方文化的创新,他一生既留恋荒野,又有入世情怀,致力于环境保护运动,又积极倡导文化重建,提出了“地方文化”等一系列救治现代生态危机的主张。同时,他还强调野性的价值和个体的作用,用荒野实践方式来感知世界,与自然万物建立一种非征服性关系的仪式化行动,体现了其生态实践观——重新栖居。这些生态思想,不管是对于奠定生态文学的思想基础,还是完善人类的生态意识,都具有十分重要的现实意义。总的来说,斯奈德的生态哲学思想表现在其文学作品中,不仅对当今环境危机造成的社会体制缺陷和西方现代文明困顿的根源进行了质疑,还进一步宣传了生态整体思想,为寻求新的经济发展模式和环保意识形态观做出了宝贵的贡献,其核心思想为我国环境治理有重要的启示,有利于我国人民树立正确的生态价值观。更多还原

【Abstract】 The continuous development of science and technology,with the rapid growth of the global economy and abundance of social wealth,but also lead to a series of problems in the process of the construction of ecological civilization,aggravate the deterioration of the ecological crisis,and snyder,in-depth study and understand the ecological philosophy thought can provide beneficial reference to solve the above problem,Driven the current society gradually to the direction of ecological economic development.In this paper,literature analysis,cross-disciplinary research and comparative research are used to conduct research from the perspective of environmental philosophy.Starting from the historical background of Snyder and combining with his related works,the theoretical origin of Snyder is systematically excavated.As the laureate of deep ecology,Snyder’s ecological philosophy is formed from many sources.The ecological crisis provides the theoretical target for it.Chinese Zen Buddhism and Taoism provided him with the courage to deny anthropocentrism.The deep-seated ecological theory provided him with a scientific foundation;Environmental ethics provides theoretical basis for it.It can be said that Snyder’s ecological philosophy originates from western environmental ethics and modern ecology,and is also a transcendence of it.If Emerson explored nature under the forest and stars constructed in Concord,Thoreau walked by the side of Walden Pond to feel nature,and Muir explored nature in the steep cliffs and mountains in the west,then Snyder paid more attention to the communication and communication with nature from his heart and integrated with nature.His enlightened anthropocentrism reveres the principle of life,declaring that modern humans must learn to "grow with low consumption".His views on wilderness are integrated between China and the west,which is not only the inheritance of the western concept of wilderness,but also the innovation of the eastern culture.He has not only nostalgia for wilderness,but also the feelings of entering the world.He is committed to the environmental protection movement,and actively advocates cultural reconstruction,and puts forward a series of propositions such as "local culture" to cure the modern ecological crisis.At the same time,he also emphasized the value of the wild and the role of the individual,with the way of wilderness practice to perceive the world,and establish a non-conquering relationship with the nature of ritualized action,reflecting his ecological practice view-re-dwelling.These ecological thoughts are of great significance to enrich and perfect human’s ecological consciousness and to lay the ideological foundation of ecological literature.Overall,snyder’s ecological philosophy embodied in their literary works,not only today’s environmental crisis caused by the social system defects and for the cause of the modern western civilization difficult question,further promote the ecological whole idea,to seek a new mode of economic development and environmental protection concept of ideology made valuable contributions,Its core idea has important enlightenment for China’s environmental governance,and is conducive to the establishment of correct ecological values for Chinese people.更多还原