【作者】 李亚；

【导师】 王仁才；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会主义新农村建设事业的快速推进,美丽乡村建设方兴未艾。庭院作为乡村景观的基本单元,与人们的生产生活息息相关,具备极其重要的人居环境价值,因此如何进行乡村庭院景观的设计对推动美丽乡村的建设具有重要的现实意义。此外,果树作为一种经济作物,在乡村庭院得到了普遍运用,因此如何提高果树栽培的科学合理性也是庭院普遍存在且亟待解决的问题。基于该背景下,本文采用文献检索、问卷调查和实地调查结合等方法,以湖南省的乡村庭院为样本进行研究,并以湖南省涟源市湄江镇长桥村庭院为实际案例进行实践论证,对乡村庭院的景观及果树应用进行研究可知现庭院景观营造存在明显断崖式分截且人们普遍具备良好的景观意识,同时果树在乡村庭院中得到良好应用;基于此基础本文通过研究分析得出总结:1、本文研究得出乡村庭院景观设计的乡村理论科学依据:乡村景观规划理论、人居环境学理论、景观生态学理论、园林美学;果树在庭院中的栽植技术要点:矮化密植技术、套袋技术、栽植技术、科学选苗、土肥管理技术、病虫害防治、除草管理;乡村庭院景观及果树应用的功能:生产功能、休憩观赏作用、生态效益、经济效益、美学价值。2、本文通过分析总结出庭院宜居、宜业、宜游、宜文的特征来“美丽乡村”的建设,同时总结基于美丽乡村下庭院景观设计应遵循的原则:以人为本、功能性原则、经济学原则、可持续发展、文化传承。3、本文通过对湖南省乡村庭院进行实际调查研究总结出乡村庭院现有布局形式:“一字型”、“二字型”、“L型”、“回字型”;针对庭院现状所存在问题和现象,包括景观现状、景观要素、庭院布局、植物种植,提炼共性并基于美丽乡村特性下提出解决、优化方案;阐述三种乡村庭院景观营造参考模式:生产性功能的经济性庭院、农家乐型庭院、观赏园艺型庭院。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the new socialist countryside,the construction of "beautiful countryside" is in the ascendant.As a basic unit of rural landscape,courtyard is closely related to people’s production and life,and has extremely important value of living environment.Therefore,how to design rural courtyard landscape has important practical significance for promoting the construction of beautiful countryside.In addition,as a kind of cash crop,fruit trees have been widely used in rural courtyards.Therefore,how to improve the scientific rationality of fruit trees cultivation is also a common and urgent problem to be solved in courtyards.Based on this background,this article USES the literature search and field investigation,and the method of combining theory and practice,by the hunan countryside yard as samples to study,and by the hunan lianyuan city mayor river bridge as a practical case for practice demonstration village a courtyard,mainly according to current situation of rural courtyard landscape,landscape elements,garden layout,plant landscaping,extracting common construction three rural courtyard landscape construction reference model: the production function of economy garden type,farmhouse courtyard,ornamental Yuan Yi Xing courtyard.In the design practice,this paper fully responds to the construction principles of livable,industrious,tourist and literary in the construction of beautiful countryside,so as to achieve the goal of shaping beautiful courtyard landscape,optimizing spatial structure and creating harmonious living environment,and promote the optimization implementation of beautiful countryside construction.At the same time,fruit trees are well used in rural courtyards;based on this foundation,this paper concludes through research and analysis:1.This article draws the conclusions of the rural theoretical scientific basis of the rural courtyard landscape design: rural landscape planning theory,human settlement environment theory,landscape ecology theory,garden aesthetics;the main points of planting technology of fruit trees in the courtyard: dwarfing dense planting technology,sets Bag technology,planting technology,scientific seedling selection,soil and fertilizer management technology,pest control,weeding management;rural courtyard landscape and fruit tree application functions: production function,rest and ornamental function,ecological benefit,economic benefit,aesthetic value.2.This article analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of courtyard livability,industry,travel,and culture to build a "beautiful village".At the same time,it summarizes the principles that should be followed for courtyard landscape design based on beautiful villages: people-oriented,functional principles,and economy.Learning principles,sustainable development,cultural heritage.3.This article summarizes the existing layout of rural courtyards through actual investigations and studies on rural courtyards in Hunan Province: "one-line","two-line","Lshape","return-shaped";Problems and phenomena,including landscape status,landscape elements,courtyard layout,plant cultivation,refining the commonality and proposing solutions and optimization schemes based on the characteristics of beautiful villages;elaborating three reference models for creating rural courtyard landscapes: economic gardens with productive functions,farmhouses Garden,ornamental garden garden.更多还原