【作者】 李丹；

【导师】 赖凯声；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 新闻传播学/传播学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 自杀是一项全球性的公共卫生问题,媒体的自杀报道实践是自杀预防工作的关键环节。研究表明,不负责任的自杀报道会导致自杀模仿行为的发生,反之,负责任的自杀报道会对自杀行为产生积极的干预效果。为了改善媒体的自杀报道实践,世界卫生组织(WHO)和许多国家都制定了自杀报道指南,学界以此为据展开了丰富的自杀报道质量评估研究。现有的评估研究主要集在传统主流媒体,尤其是报纸媒体,而随着社交平台在信息传播中异军突起,主流媒体开始积极拓展疆域,开设社交媒体账号参与健康、科学等公共议题的建构。中国是世界上自杀人口数量最多的国家之一,探究中国主流媒体如何通过社交平台报道自杀议题,对于改进自杀报道质量,提升社交媒体环境下主流媒体在自杀预防中的积极作用具有现实意义。本研究主要利用内容分析法,对国内十家主流媒体官方微博账号发布的2366篇自杀报道特征进行了分析;并以WHO的自杀报道指南为基础设计评估框架,对自杀报道的质量进行评估。研究结果显示:(1)在报道特征方面,自杀报道偏好呈现由“人际冲突”导致的自杀,并且存在对老年群体和农村居民自杀的显著“低报”;(2)在报道质量方面,主流媒体微博账号发布的自杀报道在很大程度上背离了WHO的准则,报道包含了大量的有害信息和非常有限的有用信息;(3)从时间维度上看:主流媒体微博账号发布的自杀报道数量随着年份不断增加,但报道质量却无显著提升;(4)在传播效果方面:与“报道质量越差,传播效果越好”的一般假设不符,自杀报道的有害信息和传播效果并统计学上的相关性,相反,报道中的有利信息越多,传播效果越好。本研究探讨了主流媒体在微博平台的自杀报道质量问题,是自杀报道评估研究在新媒体环境下的拓展,同时丰富了自杀报道研究的跨文化视角。在实践意义上,研究指出了当前自杀报道存在的问题,指明了自杀报道实践改进的方向。本文建议:应尽快结合中国实际及社交平台特性发展中国国家级的自杀报道指南;呼吁主流媒体在微博等社交平台同样重视“把关人”的作用,加强对自杀相关敏感信息的审核,同时注重提升社交平台从业人员的媒介素养。更多还原

【Abstract】 Suicide is a health problem with global concern;the press practice of suicide reporting is a critical component of suicide prevention efforts.Research has shown that irresponsible suicide reporting can trigger suicide imitation,while responsible suicide reporting can affect suicidal behavior.To improve suicide reporting practices in the media,the World Health Organization(WHO)and many countries have developed suicide reporting guidelines,which have been used as the basis for a wealth of research to assess the quality of suicide reporting.While previous studies have focused on traditional mainstream media,especially newspapers,with social media playing an irreplaceable role in information dissemination,mainstream media have begun to expand their frontiers and engage in the construction of public issues such as health and science social media.As China has one of the largest suicide populations globally,it is of great relevance to explore how Chinese mainstream media cover suicide issues through social media to improve the media’s suicide coverage strategy and bring into play the positive role of social media in suicide prevention efforts.This study analyzed the characteristics of 2366 suicide reports published by the official Weibo accounts of ten mainstream media in China using content analysis and designed an evaluation framework based on WHO guidelines to assess the quality of suicide reporting.The results showed that:(1)in terms of reporting characteristics,suicide reporting preferred to pretrial suicides caused by "interpersonal conflicts";and there was an obvious "under-reporting" of suicide among the elderly and rural residents.(2)In terms of report quality,most of the suicide reporting shows low adherence to the WHO guidelines,providing a lot of harmful information and minimal useful information.(3)Regarding the time dimension,the number of suicide reporting has been increasing over time,but the quality has not improved significantly.(4)In terms of communication effectiveness: contrary to the general hypothesis that "the worse the quality of reporting,the better the communication effectiveness," the harmful information in suicide reporting does not improve the quality of communication effectiveness;on the contrary,the more favorable information in reporting,the better the communication effectiveness.This study explores the quality of suicide reporting on Chinese social media platforms and enriches the cross-cultural research perspective of suicide reporting studies.In terms of practical implications,the findings point out the problems and shortcomings of current suicide reporting,which are conducive to improving the quality of suicide reporting and strengthening the media’s active role in suicide prevention efforts.This study suggests that national suicide reporting guidelines should be developed by considering the actual situation in China and the characteristics of social media.Calling on mainstream media also takes on the role of "gatekeeper" on social media platforms,strengthening the review of information related to sensitive issues such as suicide and focusing on improving the media literacy of social media practitioners.更多还原