邻避抗争引发地方政府非常规政策变迁行为研究

【作者】 张倩；

【导师】 刘治军；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 公共管理硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 经济的发展,城市化进程的不断加快,垃圾围城成为全世界都普遍存在的情况,扩充、修建垃圾焚烧场等城市基础设施在满足居民日常的生活需求、为社会带来正面效益的同时,也会使附近的居民不得不承受其带来的损害,导致其产生反对抵触的态度,通常表现形式为群体抗争行为,甚至造成冲突事件,给地方治理、社会稳定、国家治理带来隐忧。由邻避设施建设导致的群体性抗争事件已成为城市地方冲突的一种特定形式。我国现在正处于社会转型期,随着政府公信力的下降,公民维权意识的觉醒,诸如反对垃圾焚烧厂、变电站修建的抗争行为呈递增趋势。作为政策的制定者和执行者,对民众的抗争诉求,政府不得不做出具体的回应来维护社会的稳定、缓解政治压力,形成“一闹就灵”,即“一闹就停、一闹就缓、一闹就改或一闹就迁”的政策变迁形式,本文将其理解并定义为“非常规政策变迁”。本文认为,要避免邻避冲突事件的频繁发生,就需要掌握其发生的原因以及具体的表征,在理解冲突事件的前提下,基于原因的治理有利于实现邻避冲突的源头治理。本文主要立足于邻避抗争案例,将邻避抗争、政府被迫作出回应、政府强制政策学习、政策变迁有机统合起来,再运用案例分析、文献分析等方法从民众的抗争过程、政府的回应、政策的变迁过程进行研究,分析原因、影响因素并展开论证,得到城市政府对邻避抗争行为进行的回应是消极、被迫的回应,政策变迁行为是政府强制学习型的“非常规政策变迁”,政策变迁的产生机理是“诉求--回应--结果”,影响因素是由多种复杂因素交织结合引发而成。基于研究问题,要消解邻避抗争引发地方政府非常规政策变迁,就需要政府决策过程科学化、民主化、法制化,要提高公众参与度、多方协商共治,由邻避决策走向共同参与等,才能使落地政策实现有规律、积极正面的政策变迁。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of economy,accelerating urbanization process,garbage and become widespread all over the world,city expansion and building waste incinerators urban infrastructure in meet the demand of the People’s Daily life,a positive benefit for the society at the same time,also can make nearby residents have to bear the damage,causing them to produce against the conflicting attitudes,Usually manifested in the form of group protests,and even conflicts,to local governance,social stability,national governance bring hidden worries.Mass protests caused by NIMBY facility construction have become a specific form of urban local conflicts.China is now in the period of social transformation.With the decline of government credibility and the awakening of citizens’ awareness of rights protection,protests against the construction of waste incineration plants and substations show an increasing trend.As policy makers and practitioners,the demand of the people,the government had to make a specific response to maintain social stability,ease political pressure,forming a "troubled spirit",namely "one make it stop,it is slow,one would like to change or make noise is removed" form of policy change,this paper defines its understanding and as "unconventional policy change".This paper argues that to avoid the frequent occurrence of NIMBY conflicts,it is necessary to master the causes and specific representations of their occurrence.On the premise of understanding the conflict events,cause-based governance is conducive to the realization of the source governance of NIMBY conflicts.Cases in this paper,based on the adjacent from the struggle,the adjacent to avoid protests,the government was forced to respond,the organic integration of mandatory policy learning and policy change,then using the method of case analysis,literature analysis,from the public,the government’s response to the process,the changes of the policy process were studied,analysis the reason,influence factors and reasoning,As a result,the urban government’s response to NIMBY protests is negative and forced response,and the policy change behavior is the "unconventional policy change" that the government forces to learn.The mechanism of policy change is "demand-reaction-result",and the influencing factors are caused by the combination of multiple complex factors.Based on the research question,to eliminate the adjacent to avoid fight cause unconventional policy change of local government,it needs the government decision-making scientific,democratization,legalization,to improve public participation,multilateral negotiations,should from the adjacent from the decision to the participation and so on,to make the land policy implementation regular,positive policy changes.更多还原