喀斯特区高速公路边坡景观生态修复策略研究

【作者】 张洁；

【导师】 龚鑘；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 建筑与土木工程， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 高速公路建设已成为当前助力我国喀斯特地区对外协作与区域协同发展的关键性基础设施。然而,伴随高速公路地快速崛起,大规模的隧道工程、山体破坏等高速公路道路施工行为,不断冲击着喀斯特地区脆弱的地形地貌与生态环境。特别是持续几十年的高速运营期,将对周边生态环境造成持续性地破坏,引发高速公路边坡两侧生态环境恶化、生物种群生殖性隔离等现象,进而导致植被发生逆转或者是逆向演替。本文以贵阳至惠水高速公路为实证研究对象,通过文献查询、实地调研分析出喀斯特区高速公路边坡特征,采用德尔菲法、层次分析法及运用模糊综合评价法确定了喀斯特区高速公路边坡景观生态修复的评价指标和权重系数,在通过比对贵阳环城高速公路南环、G321辣子关至贵定县昌明公路改扩建工程及都匀至安顺高速公路三条公路的评价结果,得出喀斯特区高速公路边坡景观生态修复的主要影响因素,这对喀斯特区高速公路边坡景观生态修复可持续发展具有重要的研究意义,研究结果表明:(1)通过对喀斯特地区高速公路边坡的类型和特征进行分析,可以得出两个方面的影响因素。一是内部影响因素:地层与岩性;地质构造和地应力;岩体结构;原生结构面四个方面的内部影响因素。二是外部影响因素:水的影响;风化作用;地形地貌;地震;人为因素五个方面的外部影响因素。根据以上结果可以看出,喀斯特区高速公路边坡的主要影响因素与其地质结构条件密切相关,所以我们首先要对喀斯特地区的地质条件进行深入分析,才能为下一步的边坡景观生态修复提供坚实基础条件。(2)以贵州省内三条公路(贵阳环城高速公路南环段、G321辣子关至贵定县昌明公路扩建工程、都匀至安顺高速公路)为研究对象,基于前期文献查阅及实地调研的成果研究,从生态效果、景观效果、社会经济效果3个方面构建喀斯特区高速公路边坡景观生态修复评价体系,研究得出喀斯特区高速公路边坡景观生态修复的十四个主要影响因素:物种多样性、乡土植物比、群落完整性、群落稳定性、立面遮挡性、与周边景观协调性、植物覆盖率、景观层次感、季相变化、边坡稳定性、持续能力、工程造价、文明标志、精神需求。(3)喀斯特区高速边坡景观生态修复指标体系分为两级:一级指标3项,分别为生态效果(权重:0.5396)、景观效果(权重:0.2970)及社会经济效果(权重:0.1634)。二级指标14项,权重从高到低依次为群落稳定性0.2607、与周边景观协调性01868、立面遮挡性0.1424、边坡稳定性0.0869、物种多样性0.0765、植物覆盖率0.0683、乡土植物比0.0429、持续能力0.0400、景观层次感0.0288、工程造价0.0208、群落完整性0.0172、季相变化0.0131、文明标志0.0102、精神需求0.0053;三条研究对象边坡景观生态修复综合评价从高到底依次为贵阳环城高速公路南环段0.198、都匀至安顺高速公路0.195、G321辣子关至贵定县昌明公路扩建工程0.183;其中,贵阳环城高速公路南环段边坡景观生态修复效果较好,都匀至安顺高速公路边坡景观生态修复效果比较贵阳环城高速公路南环段边坡景观生态修复效果相对弱一些,G321辣子关至贵定县昌明公路扩建工程边坡景观生态修复效果较差。(4)通过对喀斯特区高速公路边坡景观生态修复理念、原则、内容、目标、方法的研究得出:现状分析研究、评价体系建立、修复基本理论三个方面的喀斯特区高速公路边坡景观生态修复策略。以上策略提升了整个喀斯特区高速公路边坡的生态景观完整性,使喀斯特区裸露公路边坡、石漠化公路边坡以及不稳定地质条件边坡得到修复改善。从而为喀斯特地区绿色交通建设提供更为安全的环境,促进整个喀斯特区域的经济发展,使边坡生态景观更好的融入自然生态环境中,呈现出具有层次感的生态景观环境。(5)通过贵惠高速公路边坡实证案例为景观生态修复研究对象,从现状分析研究、评价体系建立、基本理论阐述三方面进行有效修复,最终的综合评价结果表明,该实证路段的生态效果、景观效果和社会经济效果都比贵阳环城高速公路南环、G321辣子关至贵定县昌明公路改扩建工程及都匀至安顺高速公路三条公路的评价结果更突出,表现更优秀。因此可以看出喀斯特区高速公路边坡景观生态修复策略研究合理有效。这为喀斯特区高速公路边坡景观生态修复的选择与应用提供了新的策略,同时对喀斯特区高速公路边坡景观生态修复提供了理论支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,the construction of expressways is helping China’s karst landform areas with foreign cooperation and regional coordinated development.However,with the rapid rise of highways,highway construction activities,such as large-scale tunneling and mountain destruction,continue to impact the fragile topography and ecological environment of the Karst landform area.Due to the high-speed operation period that lasted for several decades,the surrounding ecological environment was continuously destroyed,causing the deterioration of the ecological environment on both sides of the highway slope and the reproductive isolation of biological populations,which led to the reversal or reverse succession of vegetation.According to the Guiyang-Huishui Expressway,this paper analyzes the characteristics of the expressway slope in the Karst landform area.Through literature search and field investigation,the evaluation index and weight coefficient of the ecological restoration of the expressway slope in the Karst landform area are determined by Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process.Method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,after comparing the evaluation results of the South Ring of Guiyang Ring Expressway,G321 Laziguan to Changming Highway in Guiding County,and the evaluation results of the three highways from Duyun to Anshun Expressway,the slope of expressway in Karst landform area is obtained.The factors of landscape ecological restoration have important research significance for the sustainable development of landscape ecological restoration of highway slopes in Karst landform areas.The research results show that:(1)By analyzing the types and characteristics of highway slopes in Karst landform areas,two factors are obtained.One is the internal factors: stratum and lithology;geological structure and in-situ stress;rock mass structure;primary structural plane.The second is external factors: the influence of water;weathering;topography;earthquake;human factors.Based on the above results,it can be seen that the main influencing factors of highway slopes in Karst landform areas are closely related to their geological structural conditions.Therefore,we must first analyze the geological conditions in Karst landform areas in depth and provide a solid foundation for the next step of slope landscape ecological restoration.(2)The research objects are three roads in Guizhou Province(the southern ring section of Guiyang Huancheng Expressway,the G321 Laziguan to Changming Highway Expansion Project in Guiding County,and the Duyun to Anshun Expressway),based on the results of previous literature review and field research According to the ecological effects,landscape effects,and socio-economic effects,this paper constructs an evaluation system for the ecological restoration of highway slope landscapes in Karst landform areas.There are 14 factors that affect the ecological restoration of highway slopes in Karst landform areas: species diversity,the ratio of native plants,community integrity,community stability,facade occlusion,coordination with surrounding landscape,plant coverage,landscape hierarchy,seasonal changes,slope stability,sustainability,engineering cost,civilization sign,spirit need.(3)The high-speed slope landscape ecological restoration index system in the Karst landform area is divided into two levels: three first-level indicators: ecological effects(weight: 0.5396),landscape effects(weight: 0.2970),and socio-economic effects(weight: 0.1634).14 secondary indicators: the weights from high to low are community stability 0.2607,compatibility with surrounding landscape 01868,facade obscuration 0.1424,slope stability 0.0869,species diversity 0.0765,plant coverage rate 0.0683,native plant ratio 0.0429,Sustainability 0.0400,Landscape hierarchy0.0288,Project cost 0.0208,Community integrity 0.0172,Seasonal change 0.0131,Civilization sign 0.0102,Spiritual demand 0.0053;The comprehensive evaluation of the slope landscape ecological restoration of the three research objects from high to low is Guiyang South Ring Section of Ring Expressway0.198,Duyun to Anshun Expressway 0.195,G321 Laziguan to Guiding County Changming Highway Expansion Project 0.183;Among them,the effect of ecological restoration of the slope landscape in the south ring section of Guiyang Huancheng Expressway is better,Duyun to Anshun Expressway The effect of highway slope landscape ecological restoration is relatively weak.The effect of slope landscape ecological restoration in the G321 Laziguan to Changming Highway Expansion Project in Guiding County is relatively poor.(4)By studying the concept,principles,content,goals and methods of the ecological restoration of highway slope landscape in Karst landform areas,it is concluded that: analysis and research status,establishment of an evaluation system,and basic restoration theory to restore highway slope landscape ecology in Karst landform areas.Through the above strategies,the ecological landscape of the highway slope in the Karst landform area is more complete,and the slopes of the exposed highways,rocky desertification highways and unstable geological conditions in the Karst landform areas have been repaired and improved.In order to provide a safer environment for the construction of green transportation in the Karst landform area,and promote the economic development of the entire Karst landform area which slope ecological landscape is better integrated into the natural ecological environment,presenting a hierarchical ecological landscape.(5)Taking the empirical case of Guihui Expressway slope as the research object of landscape ecological restoration,through analyzing the research status,establishing an evaluation system,and elaborating basic theories,the ecological landscape can be effectively restored.The final results show that the ecological effect,landscape effect and socio-economic effect of this demonstration road section are higher than those of Guiyang Ring Expressway South Ring,G321 Laziguan to Guiding Changming Highway Reconstruction and Expansion Project,and Duyun-Anshun Expressway,with better performance.Therefore,the research on the ecological restoration strategy of highway slope landscape in Karst landform area is reasonable and effective.This article provides a new strategy for the selection and application of the ecological restoration of expressway slope landscape in Karst landform areas.At the same time,this article provides theoretical support for the ecological restoration of expressway slope landscape in Karst landform areas.更多还原