【作者】 宋宇；

【导师】 温勇；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 法学理论， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 新一轮司法改革之前,我国法官队伍无论在人员结构、职责权限、专业水平及管理模式等方面均存在着或大或小不同程度的弊端,并且日渐远离社会预期效果。中国法官群体的规模和构成的复杂性,是世界上其他任何国家难以相比的。鉴于此,对法官这一群体的改革任重道远,需要科学合理的制度设计与实践规划。涉及法官职业编制的问题最初由1999年第一个“五改纲要”提出,而后在2014年提出的第四个“五改纲要”中正式确定了建立法官员额制,员额制改革由此拉开序幕。员额制改革的本质在于人事制度的改革,对法院内部审判资源重新配置,优化审判队伍结构,以达到提高审判效率的改革目标。改革过程中直至今日仍存在着诸多阻碍因素。本文在参考大量文献的基础上,以法官主体地位和审判中心主义作为研究视角,运用案例分析法、定性研究法、定量研究法进行分析研究。首先通过论述员额制改革的内涵、历史,全面剖析员额制改革的可行性与必要性,并在此基础上对国外相关的制度进行研究,以期保持与时俱进,借鉴有益经验。其次分别从司法公正、司法权威、司法效率三个角度论述员额制改革中的理论依据及价值,以期从基本原理上阐释员额制改革的合理性。之后通过分析调查统计现有数据,发现了截至目前为止,我国员额制改革在“法院人员结构优化、审判效率、减少行政干预”三个方面初步取得成效,同时,本文指出在员额法官的“比例设置、遴选机制、退出机制”三个方面的制度设计上存在缺陷以及改革中实际出现的“人员流失、行政权干预”两方面的问题。最后则分别针对以上存在的制度缺陷与实际问题相应提出了对策。具体来讲,针对员额比例问题,应为“法官核心工量”这一关键因素预留一定空间;针对遴选机制问题,应当注重对选任主体职能、选任标准及选任方式的完善;针对完善退出机制问题,分别从规范退出机制实体标准、程序及后续保障制度上提出建议;针对人员流失问题,提出建立、完善法官职业保障制度;针对上级法院和同级政府的行政权干预问题,分别提出了废除“案件请示批复”制度和“省级统筹管理法院人财物”的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Before the new round of judicial reform,the judges in our country have some disadvantages in terms of personnel structure,responsibility and authority,professional level and management mode,and are gradually far away from the expected effect of the society.The complexity of the size and composition of the Chinese judge community is unmatched by any other country in the world.The comprehensive reform of this special group is imperative,which requires not only great courage and determination,but also scientific and reasonable planning and design.The issue concerning the professional establishment of judges was initially raised by the first "five reform program" in 1999,until the fourth "five reform program" in 2014 formally proposed the establishment of the judge personnel system,which started the reform of the judge personnel system.The essence of the reform of the judge personnel system is the change of the personnel system of judges,which aims to improve the trial performance by continuously improving the distribution of trial human resources and the structure of trial team.There are still many obstacles in the process of reform.Based on a large number of references,this thesis uses case analysis,qualitative research and quantitative research methods to analyze and study from the perspective of judge’s dominant position and trial centralism.First of all,by discussing the connotation and history of the reform of the judge personnel system,this thesis comprehensively analyzes the feasibility and necessity of the reform of the judge personnel system,and on this basis,studies the relevant foreign systems,in order to keep pace with the times and draw on useful experience.Secondly,it discusses the theoretical basis and value of the judge personnel system reform from the perspectives of judicial justice,judicial authority and judicial efficiency,in order to explain the rationality of the judge personnel system reform from the basic principles.Then,through the analysis of the existing data,it is found that up to now,China’s judge personnel system reform has achieved initial results in the three aspects of "optimizing the structure of court personnel,trial efficiency,reducing administrative intervention".At the same time,this thesis points out that in the post judge’s "proportion setting,selection mechanism,judicial efficiency,reducing administrative intervention",the judge personnel system reform has achieved initial results There are three defects in the system design of "exit mechanism" and two problems of "personnel loss and administrative power intervention" in the reform.Finally,it puts forward the corresponding countermeasures for the above system defects and practical problems.Specifically,in view of the proportion of posts,we should reserve some space for the key factor of "core workload of judges";In view of the selection mechanism,we should pay attention to the improvement of the main functions,selection criteria and selection methods;Aiming at the problem of perfecting the exit mechanism,this thesis puts forward some suggestions on standardizing the entity standard,procedure and follow-up security system of the exit mechanism;In view of the problem of personnel turnover,it is proposed to establish and improve the judge’s professional security system;In view of the interference of the administrative power of the higher court and the government at the same level,this thesis puts forward the suggestions of abolishing the system of "case request for approval" and "provincial overall management of court personnel and property".更多还原