手机依赖程度和情绪图片类型对执行功能的影响

【作者】 陈颖；

【导师】 郝芳；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 应用心理（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 自进入互联网智能时代以来,现代科技水平处于飞速发展的阶段,人民的物质生活水平也日益提高。在物质充足的生活环境下,信息网络时代的每个人都拥有了属于自己的电子产品,如手机、电脑、平板。其中,手机当属便携性最高的电子产品,也是人们使用最频繁的电子产品。随着手机的普及,手机依赖问题开始出现。手机依赖是指个体长时间不加节制地使用手机导致社交生活和工作出现障碍的问题行为。在以往研究中,手机依赖会对个体生理、心理、认知和行为方面都产生一定的负面影响。执行功能是个体在认知事物和规则时所需的高级思维能力,又分为抑制控制功能、刷新功能、转换功能三个部分。而执行功能又分为纯认知范畴的“冷”执行功能和有情感卷入的“热”执行功能。本研究从认知和心理方面入手,采用问卷法和实验法相结合的方法,系统地研究手机依赖与情绪图片加工对个体各部分执行功能的影响。在前期的问卷研究中,通过网络调查方式分发大学生智能手机成瘾量表,收集了690份有效问卷,根据问卷结果分析制定高手机依赖组和低手机依赖组的分数标准,并邀请被试参与后续实验研究。在后续实验研究中,实验一采用停止信号范式,研究手机依赖与情绪图片类型对个体抑制功能是否存在影响。实验共计招募被试96人,采用2(组别:高手机依赖组/低手机依赖组)×3(情绪刺激类型:正性/中性/负性)×3(年级:大一大四/大二大三/研究生)的混合实验设计。其中,手机依赖组别和年级为组间变量,情绪图片类型为组内变量。实验二采用N-back任务范式,研究手机依赖与情绪图片类型对个体刷新功能是否存在影响。实验共计招募被试81人,采用2(组别:高手机依赖组/低手机依赖组)×3(情绪刺激类型:正性/中性/负性)×2(任务难度:0-back/2-back)×3(年级:大一大四/大二大三/研究生)的混合实验设计。其中,加入了任务难度因素,任务难度变量为组内变量。实验三采用间隔转换范式,研究手机依赖于情绪图片类型对个体转换功能是否存在影响。实验共计招募被试91人,采用2(组别:高手机依赖组/低手机依赖组)×2(情绪刺激类型:正性/负性/中性)×3(年级:大一大四/大二大三/研究生)的混合实验设计。研究结果表明,关于抑制功能方面,在大二大三年级群体中,手机依赖问题会对个体的抑制能力产生负面影响,手机依赖程度高的个体抑制控制功能表现不佳。关于刷新功能方面,任务难度因素将对个体刷新功能会产生显著影响,个体在低难度条件下的表现更好。在低难度条件下,个体在加工中性情绪刺激时的刷新功能表现更好;而在高难度条件下,个体在加工正性情绪刺激和负性情绪刺激时的刷新功能表现更好。关于转换功能方面,手机依赖问题会对个体的认知转换功能产生积极影响,手机依赖程度高的个体认知转换功能表现较好。加工负性情绪刺激时的转换功能表现弱于加工中性情绪刺激时的表现。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since entering the era of Internet intelligence,the level of modern technology has a stage of rapid development,and the people’s material living standards have also been improving.In a living environment with sufficient material,everyone in the information network age has their own electronic products,such as mobile phones,computers,and tablets.Among them,mobile phones are the most portable electronic products and the most frequently used electronic products.With the popularity of mobile phones,the problem of mobile phone dependence has begun to appear.Mobile phone dependence refers to the problematic behavior of individuals who use mobile phones indiscriminately for a long time,which causes obstacles in social life and work.In previous studies,mobile phone dependence will have a certain negative impact on individuals’ physiology,psychology,cognition and behavior.Executive function is the advanced thinking ability required by individuals to recognize things and rules.It is divided into three parts: inhibition,working memory updating and switching.And executive function is divided into purely cognitive category "cold" executive function and emotionally involved "hot" executive function.This study starts from the cognitive and psychological aspects,and uses a combination of questionnaire and experimental methods to systematically study the effects of mobile phone dependence and emotional picture processing on individual executive functions.In the previous questionnaire research,the smart phone addiction scale for college students was distributed through the Internet survey,and 690 valid questionnaires were collected.Based on the analysis of the questionnaire results,the score standards for the high and low mobile phone dependence groups were formulated,and participants were invited to participate Follow-up experimental research.In the follow-up experimental research,the first experiment adopts the stop signal paradigm to study whether mobile phone dependence and emotional picture type have an effect on the inhibition of individuals.A total of 96 subjects were recruited in the experiment,using 2(group: high mobile phone dependence group/low mobile phone dependence group)× 3(emotional stimulation type: positive/neutral/negative)× 3(grade: senior,senior/ Sophomore,junior/graduate)mixed experiment design.Among them,the mobile phone dependent group and grade are the inter-group variables,and the emotional picture type is the intra-group variable.Experiment 2 adopts the N-back task paradigm to study whether mobile phone dependence and emotional picture types have an effect on individual working memory updating.A total of 81 subjects were recruited in the experiment,using 2(group: high cell phone dependence group/low cell phone dependence group)× 3(emotional stimulation type: positive/neutral/negative)× 2(task difficulty:0-back/ 2-back)× 3(grade: freshman,senior,second,junior,and graduate student).Among them,the task difficulty factor is added,and the task difficulty variable is the variable within the group.Experiment 3 adopts the interval conversion paradigm to study whether the mobile phone depends on the emotional picture type to affect the individual conversion function.A total of 91 subjects were recruited in the experiment,using 2(group: high cell phone dependence group/low cell phone dependence group)× 2(emotional stimulation type: positive/negative/neutral)× 3(grade: senior,senior/ Sophomore,junior/graduate)mixed experiment design.The results of the study show that in terms of inhibition,in the second and the third year groups,mobile phone dependence will have a negative impact on the individual’s inhibition ability,and individuals with a high degree of mobile phone dependence perform poorly in inhibiting control functions.Regarding the refresh function,the task difficulty factor will have a significant impact on the individual refresh function,and the individual performs better under low-difficulty conditions.Under low-difficulty conditions,individuals perform better in refreshing functions when processing neutral emotional stimuli;while under high-difficulty conditions,individuals perform better in refreshing functions when processing positive emotional stimuli and negative emotional stimuli.Regarding the conversion function,the problem of mobile phone dependence will have a positive impact on the cognitive conversion function of the individual,and individuals with a high degree of mobile phone dependence perform better in the cognitive conversion function.The performance of conversion function when processing negative emotional stimuli is weaker than when processing neutral emotional stimuli.更多还原