【作者】 王静；

【导师】 张辉；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会发展,新闻叙事话语的叙事时间和叙事视角具有鲜明的特征。从时间维度来看,叙事视角的变化通常会引起叙事时间的改变,同时,叙事时间的改变又可以判断叙事主体和叙事视角的转变,叙事时间是视角转换的重要标志,两者相辅相成。前人已对文学作品中叙事时间和叙事视角进行了相关研究。鉴于英汉语言的差异,本文研究中英新闻叙事话语,并主要探讨以下两个问题:(1)新闻叙事时间的改变与叙事视角转换的关系;(2)英汉新闻叙事中的叙事视角是否存在差异,存在的差异的原因为何?本文主要从认知语言学的角度对中英主流媒体新闻的叙事时间与叙述视角进行对比分析,首先选取了四篇有关新冠疫情之下民众所受影响的新闻叙事,两篇为英文新闻,选自纽约时报网和华尔街时报网;两篇中文新闻,选自中国日报中文网。本研究聚焦于中英新闻文本中的时间和与时间相关的时态,时间指示词。我们发现,中西方新闻叙事话语中叙事时间的表征存在差异。随后,基于新闻叙事心理空间理论模型,从叙事内话语空间(新闻空间,新闻源空间,中介空间)和叙事外话语空间对中英文新闻文本的叙事时间进行对比分析,同时也验证了新闻叙事话语心理空间模型对新闻叙事话语的强大解释力。本研究的主要发现为:(1)时间和视角在新闻叙事的认知表征中关系紧密,叙事视角转换的动态过程对新闻叙事的时间表达产生影响,叙事时间将过去的新闻事件与现在的此时此刻联系起来,并通过叙事时间在心理空间模型的移动来转换叙事视角和叙事中心。新闻叙事中记者的叙事视角和新闻人物视角的混合使叙述结构变得更加复杂,新闻叙事通过叙事时间在心理空间的穿梭来实现叙事视角的转换与管理。(2)英文新闻叙事的叙事空间倾向于使用一般现在时态,并以新闻主角的视角结束叙事,使读者感受到疫情的严重程度。中文新闻叙事使用过去时态进行新闻叙事,叙事空间结束时时态转为现在时,使读者跟随叙事者进入现实空间,削弱了疫情带来的压迫感和紧张感。此外,中文新闻的叙事视角转换没有过多依赖时态,而是采用直接引语和间接引语来混合叙事视角;汉语没有明显的动词时态转换;英汉在思维方式上存在差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of society,the narrative time and viewpoint in news narrative discourse have distinct characteristics.From the perspective of time,the change of viewpoint usually results in the use of various time.At the same time,the change of narrative time can be a sign to identify the change of narrators and viewpoint.The narrative time can be an important symbol of transferring viewpoint,so it is said that the narrative time and viewpoint complement each other.Previous studies have focused on the narrative time and viewpoint in literary works.Given the differences between Chinese and English languages,this research mainly discusses the news narrative following two issues:(1)The relationship between the change of news narrative time and the change of narrative viewpoint.(2)Are there any differences of viewpoint in English and Chinese news narratives,and what are the reasons for the differences?This study mainly focuses on the contrastive analysis of time and viewpoint in Chinese and English mainstream media from the perspective of cognitive linguistics.First,four news narrations are collected on the topic of the influence caused by Covid-19.One is from the website of The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal including two English news reports.Another two Chinese news reports are collected from the website of China Daily.This study focuses on time,time-related tenses,and time deixis in Chinese and English news texts.It suggests that there are differences in the representation of narrative time in Chinese and English news narrative discourse.Afterward,based on the news narrative mental space model,a comparative analysis of the narrative time of Chinese and English news texts is carried out from Narrative Space including the News Space,the Source Space,the Intermediate Space as well as the Narrative-external Discourse Space.At the same time,it also verifies the powerful explanation of the mental space model for news narrative discourse.There are three major findings in this research:(1)Time and viewpoint are closely related to the cognitive representation of news narratives.The dynamic process of viewpoint has an impact on the time usage of news narratives.Time connects the past news events with the present moment and transforms the viewpoint and narrative deictic center through the movement of time in the mental space model.The mixture of the journalists’ viewpoint and actors’ viewpoints in news narratives makes the narrative structure more complicated,so news narratives realize the conversion and management of viewpoint through the shuttle of time in the mental space model.(2)English news narratives prefer to use the present tense in Narrative Space and end one News Space with the viewpoint of the news actors,impressing the readers with the severity of Covid-19 while Chinese news narratives adopt the past tense in Narrative Space and change it to the present tense at the end of each News Space to place the readers at a safe distance from Covid-19.Besides,the viewpoint transformation of Chinese news does not rely too much on tense,but adopts direct and indirect speeches to manage the narrative viewpoint;there is no obvious verb tense transformation in Chinese,and distinctions in ways of thinking between English and Chinese.更多还原