中学生学校归属感影响因素研究

【作者】 王莹；

【导师】 姚继军； 周世科；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 教育管理（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 学校是学生学习和生活的重要场所,学校归属感是学生学校生活满意度的反映,学校归属感是否强烈直接影响到学校生活质量和学业成就。在教育实践中,由于有的学校管理工作僵化,管理观念落后等使学校逐渐失去吸引力,以导致学生学校归属感的低下。目前,中国四省市在PISA2018测试三项核心素养表现优异,但学生学校归属感指数远低于OECD水平。由此可见,如何在取得高水平学业表现的同时使学生获得较高的归属感,是我国教育系统面临的一个挑战和难题。既有大量的研究表明,学校归属感的形成是由多方面因素所决定的。尽管学生的学校归属感受于个人、家庭和学校等因素的影响,但各个因素在多大程度上帮助或阻碍了学校归属感的形成仍是未知的。因此,本研究基于中外比较视角,采用多元线性回归方法,对PISA2018测评数据涉及美国、芬兰、日本和中国四省市学生的学校归属感的现状进行综合分析和比较,探索学生学校归属感的影响因素。研究结果发现:学生学校归属感性别存在差异显著,男生的学校归属感显著高于女生;学生学校归属感年级上差异在不同国家存在差异,就中国四省市而言,学校归属感随着年级递增,逐渐递减的趋势;社会支持(家长、教师支持以及校园欺凌)和学生学校归属感有显著相关关系且影响效应不同,其作用大小依次为校园欺凌〉家长情感支持〉教师支持;学校规模和办学性质和学校归属感不存在相关关系,但在学校位置上,不同国家的学校位置对学生的学校归属感的关系存在差异,对于中国四省市,城市的学生学校归属感高于非城市的学生;学校硬件资源的短缺和学生的学校归属感不存在线性相关关系;学校氛围(学校纪律氛围、学校合作氛围和学校竞争氛围)和学校归属感有显著相关关系且影响效应不同,其作用大小依次学校合作氛围〉学校纪律氛围〉学校竞争氛围。基于此,本文从家庭、学校和教育主管部门的视角出发,针对学校归属感易缺失的人群应进一步加强针对性的预防工作;学校和家庭携手创造良好的支持型社会关系,提升学校归属感;学校应营造轻松和谐的合作性学习氛围。更多还原

【Abstract】 School is an important place for students’ life and study.School sense of belonging is not only a reflection of students’ quality of school life,but also directly affects the quality of school life and academic achievement.In educational practice,some schools gradually lose their appeal because of rigid management and backward management concept,which leads to the low sense of belonging of students.At present,China students have excellent performance in the three core literacy tests of PISA2018,but the school sense of belonging index of students is far lower than the OECD level.Therefore,how to make students have a high sense of belonging while achieving a high level of academic performance is a challenge and problem facing China’s education system.A large number of studies have shown that the formation of school belonging is determined by many factors.Although students’ sense of belonging to school is influenced by family and school factors,it is still unknown to what extent each factor helps or hinders the formation of school belonging.Therefore,from the perspective of comparison between China and foreign countries,this study adopts multiple linear regression method to comprehensively analyze and compare the status quo of school belonging of students from United States,Finland,Japan and China with the PISA2018 evaluation data,and explore the influencing factors of school belonging of students.The findings are as follows:There is a significant difference in the gender of school belonging among students,and the school belonging of boys is significantly higher than that of girls;there are differences in grades of school belonging among students in different countries.As far as China are concerned,the sense of belonging of schools gradually decreases with the increase of grades;there was a significant correlation between social support(parent,teacher support and school bullying)and students’ school belonging,and the effect was different.The order of the effect was school bullying > parent emotional support > Teachers’ support;there is no correlation between school size,school nature and school sense of belonging.However,in terms of school location,the relationship between school location and school sense of belonging of students in different countries is different.For China,school sense of belonging of students in cities is higher than that of students in non-cities;there is no linear correlation between the shortage of school hardware resources and students’ sense of belonging to school;school atmosphere(school discipline atmosphere,school cooperation atmosphere and school competition atmosphere)has a significant correlation with the sense of belonging and the influence effect is different,the order of the effect of school cooperation atmosphere > school discipline atmosphere> school competition atmosphere.Based on this,this paper,from the perspective of home schooling and education authorities,should further strengthen targeted prevention work for people vulnerable to the loss of school belonging.School and family work together to create a good supportive social relationship to enhance the school’s sense of belonging;The school should create a relaxed and harmonious cooperative learning atmosphere.更多还原