城镇化进程中农民工社会保障法律问题研究

【作者】 王芹；

【导师】 侯海军；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 经济法学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,中国城镇化进程不断加快,国家统计局公报显示,截止2020年年末,我国城镇化率已经超过60%。城镇化率的提高,意味着城镇规模的不断扩大,也意味着越来越多的农村劳动力转移到城市,其中有很大部分成了农民工,农民工在城镇企业就业的规模呈现出稳定上升的趋势,规模庞大的农民工已经成为了我国产业的主体,他们在获得一定报酬的同时,也面临着比城市职工高出很多的生活、职业风险。城镇化进程中农民工面临的最大的问题就是社会保障的问题,然而,现有的社会保障机制却难以帮助农民工群体有效的化解生活中的风险。2021年2月26日,习近平在中央政治局第二十八次集体学习时强调,要完善覆盖全民的社会保障体系,提出社会保障关乎人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题。要把农村社会救助纳入乡村振兴战略统筹谋划,健全农村社会救助制度。并提出要健全农民工、灵活用工就业人员、新业态就业人员参加社会保险制度,在健全覆盖全民的社会保障体系上不断取得新成效。农民工的社会保障问题依然是国家社会保障体系中关注的重点。基于此,笔者将综合运用法学、社会学以及人口学等方面的知识,在城乡统筹发展、社会保障等理论的指导下,对于“城镇化进程中农民工社会保障”这一核心议题展开研究。首先,本文对城镇化进程中的农民工社会保障的相关理论及现行二元社会保障体制现状进行研究,接着对农民工社会保障的现状进行了分析并发现存在的问题。接着,对不同类型的农民工进行分类,一类是正规用工模式下的农民工,第二类是非正规用工模式下“返乡型”农民工,第三类是非正规用工模式下的“非返乡型”农民工。根据他们的不同特征,对正规用工的农民工,由于他们工作稳定、流动性低,有很强留在城市的意愿,所以应当将他们纳入城镇社会保障体系对于非正规用工模式下的农民工,如果他们留在城市的意愿很强烈,可以允许他们自行缴纳社会保险费,纳入到城镇社会保障体系中来。而对于“亦工亦农”的农民工,由于他们流动性极强,且没有很强留在城市的意愿,应当将他们纳入到农村社会保障体系中。对他们的社会保障实施路径进行选择。最后对我国农民工社会保障体系完善提出建议,对城镇化背景下完善我国农民工社会保障体系提出具体建议,明确农民工社会保障中各方社会责任的承担,以及全面推进农民工社会保障体系法制化,完善相关立法以及农民工社会保险接续制度,构建多层次农民工社会保障体系。最后增进农民工的社会福利,以期为完善农民工社会保障,顺利推进新型城镇化进程中农民工社会保障制度建设,进而促进社会和谐发展提供理论参考与实践指导。本文的创新之处在于根据农民工的不同特征将农民工进行分类,分为了正规用工模式下的农民工以及非正规用工模式下的农民工两大类。并根据他们各自的特征将其纳入城镇社会保障体系或者农村社会保障体系中去,并为城镇化背景下农民工社会保障体系完善提出对策,增进农民工社会保障与福利,结合2021年全国人大会议总理答记者问关于对国家灵活就业人员提供社保补贴以及基本的权益保障,对我国农民工的社会保障作出思考,提出更结合时代发展的完善对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,China’s urbanization process has been accelerating.According to the Bulletin of the National Bureau of Statistics,by the end of 2020,China’s urbanization rate had exceeded60%.The increase of urbanization rate means that the continuous expansion of towns,also means that more and more rural labor transfer to city,there are a large part became a migrant workers,migrant workers in cities and towns the scale of the enterprise employment present a steady upward trend,vast rural migrant workers has become the main body of industry in our country,at the same time,they are get a reward is faced with a lot higher than the city worker,occupational risk of life.The biggest problem facing migrant workers in the process of urbanization is the problem of social security.However,the existing social security mechanism is difficult to help migrant workers effectively resolve the risks in life.At the 28 th group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on February 26,2021,Xi stressed the need to improve the social security system that covers all the people,saying that social security concerns the most immediate and realistic interests of the people.We will incorporate social assistance in rural areas into the overall planning of the rural revitalization strategy and improve the system of social assistance in rural areas.It also proposed to improve the social insurance system for rural migrant workers,those employed with flexible employment and those employed with new forms of business,making continuous progress in improving the social security system covering the whole people.The social security problem of migrant workers is still the focus of the national social security system.Based on this,the author will make comprehensive use of the knowledge of law,sociology,demography and management,and conduct research on the core issue of "social security for migrant workers in the process of urbanization" under the guidance of theories such as coordinated urban and rural development and social security.First of all,in this paper,the social security of migrant workers in the process of the urbanization of the relevant theory and research the present situation and problems of the current dual social security system,then analyzes the status quo of migrant workers social security,and classify different types of migrant workers,one kind is formal mode of employment of migrant workers,the second is informal employment mode "homecoming" migrant workers,the third class is informal employment mode of "non returning migrant workers." According to their different characteristics,to the formal employment of migrant workers,because they work stability,low liquidity,has a strong willingness to stay in the city so they shall be incorporated into the urban social security system for migrant workers informal employment mode,very strong,if they stay in the city will allow them to pay society insurance premium,into the urban social security system.Migrant workers,who are both workers and farmers,should be included in the rural social security system because they are highly mobile and have no strong desire to stay in cities.To their social security implementation path to choose.Finally,the recommendations to improve migrant workers social security system in China,under the background of urbanization consummates our country rural migrant workers social security system put forward specific proposals,clear the parties to bear the social responsibility in the migrant workers social security,and comprehensively promote legalization of social security system,rural migrant workers to perfect relevant legislation and peasant workers’ social insurance system,build a multi-level rural migrant workers social security system.Finally,the social welfare of migrant workers is improved in order to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for improving migrant workers’ social security,smoothly promoting the construction of migrant workers’ social security system in the process of new urbanization,and then promoting the harmonious development of society.The innovation of this paper lies in the classification of migrant workers according to their different characteristics,which can be divided into two categories: migrant workers under the formal employment mode and migrant workers under the informal employment mode.According to their respective characteristics or be included in the urban social security system of rural social security system,as the urbanization under the background of migrant workers social security system perfecting countermeasure is put forward,to improve migrant workers social security and welfare,combined with the 2021 meeting of the National People’s Congress prime minister,a reporter asked about the personnel of flexible obtain employment to the country to provide social security subsidies,as well as the basic rights and interests protection,reflect on the social rights and interests of migrant workers in China security,put forward more combination of times development policy.更多还原