人工智能教育应用的伦理风险及其规制研究

【作者】 杨丹；

【导师】 高山冰；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 传播学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 人工智能(Artificial Intelligence)技术并非新生事物,早在20世纪50年代,人工智能这一概念就已经被提出,经过60多年的演进,尤其是移动互联网、大数据、云计算、区块链等核心关键技术逐渐成熟和普及,使人工智能技术有了突破性进展,在教育、医疗、军事、自动驾驶等领域引起了人们的广泛关注。将人工智能技术运用到教育领域,对培养人工智能人才、促进教育公平、破解教育改革难题的现实意义被广泛认可。但由于人工智能技术本身尚在修正中前进,与教育领域的融合探索远未成熟,又引发了众多复杂的伦理问题。人工智能教育应用的伦理问题研究牵扯甚广:人工智能教育应用对技术具有天然的依赖性,共享技术引发的伦理问题;技术引入打破了传统教育中的二元关系,拓展了教育伦理的内涵;世界各国积极布局人工智能发展战略,推动其与各个行业融合发展,国家政策报告中表现出的对人工智能治理的关注,在其伦理规制中也应有所体现。因此,本文的主要研究思路和内容如下:首先,基于人工智能教育应用的交叉特性,采用跨学科研究法,对表现较为突出的在线教育、智能教育系统、智能管理系统等具体的教育场景中存在的伦理风险进行总结分析。其次,综合运用传播学、技术伦理、社会学及教育学等学科的相关理论,从技术、受众、政策环境三个方面探讨伦理问题的成因。再次,通过梳理、提炼各个层面的伦理要素,得出人工智能教育应用应当遵循的伦理原则。最后,从解决现实问题出发,探索体现以上伦理原则的伦理规制。研究认为,人工智能教育应用的伦理议题主要包括教育大数据引发的隐私安全问题、智能机器对人类教师职业造成的威胁、个性化学习算法存在的伦理冲突、教育领域数字鸿沟带来的伦理危机、智能教育发展对社会美德的冲击等多方面的伦理问题。究其成因,与技术主体的职业素养“失守”、伦理自主性受限,教育应用受众的技术崇拜、能动性丧失以及社会层面的监管不力、伦理规范缺失等关联密切。人工智能教育应用的伦理规制要兼顾教育、技术、制度三个层面的伦理要求,坚持人权、道德、责任与问责、社会福祉、公平正义五项原则。更多还原

【Abstract】 Artificial Intelligence(AI)technology is not a new thing,the concept of AI has been proposed as long ago as the 1950 s.After more than 60 years of evolution,especially the maturity and popularization of core key technologies,like mobile Internet,big data,cloud computing,blockchain and so on,leading to a breakthrough development in artificial intelligence technology.It has attracted widespread attention in the fields of education,medical care,military and autonomous driving and etc.Artificial Intelligence in Education(AIED)has a lot of practical significance,for example,helping to cultivate artificial intelligence talents,promoting education fairness,and solving education reform problems,that is widely recognized.However,because the technology itself is still advancing,its integration with the education field is far from mature,that also led to many complex ethical issues.Research on the ethical issues of AIED involves a wide range of issues: AIED has a natural dependence on technology,so they share the same technical ethics issues.And the introduction of technology breaks the dual relationship in traditional education,that expands the connotation of educational ethics.Besides,countries around the world are actively deploying artificial intelligence development strategies and trying to promote its integrated development with various industries,the elements of ethics raised in those national policy reports should also be mentioned in the ethical regulation of AIED.So,the main research ideas and contents of this paper are as follows:Firstly,based on the interdisciplinary characteristics of AIED,this study adopts the method of interdisciplinary research to summarize and analyze the ethical risks in the specific educational scenes,including online education,intelligent systems and intelligent management systems.Secondly,using the theories and methods of communication,technical ethics,sociology,educational psychology and other disciplines to analyze the causes of the problem from three aspects: technical subject,audience,and policy environment.Furthermore,by combing and refining the ethical elements at all three levels to obtain ethical principles that should be followed in AIED.Finally,starting from solving practical problems,exploring the ethical regulation that embodies the above ethical principles.The study suggests that,ethical issues in AIED mainly include the privacy and security issues caused by big data,the threat posed by intelligent machines to the profession of teachers,the ethical conflicts caused by personalized learning algorithms,the ethical crisis brought about by the digital divide in the field of education,the impact of the development of intelligent education on social virtues and other ethical issues.All those problems are closely related to the "loss" of the professional accomplishment of the technical subject,the limitation of ethical autonomy,the technological worship and initiative of audience,the ineffective supervision at the social level,the lack of ethical norms and so on.The ethical regulations for AIED should take into account the ethical requirements of education,technology and policies,and adhere to five principles: human rights,morality,responsibility and accountability,social well-being,fairness and justice.更多还原