【作者】 孙瑜；

【导师】 郭辰光；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 机械工程， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 目前用于长距离、高埋深硬岩隧道和全岩巷道掘进作业的传统截割刀具主要是盘型滚刀,刀具截割岩石时对岩石施加超过其抗压强度的载荷使岩石破碎,截割作业能耗较大,且刀具磨损严重。由研究可知岩石的抗剪强度值和抗拉强度值远小于岩石的抗压强度值,基于岩石的力学性质,采用以拉剪破坏为破岩机理的刀盘结构,建立刀盘硬岩截割系统,降低截割能耗的同时提高刀具的使用寿命。分析硬岩力学性质和破碎机理,针对刀盘结构建立刀盘截割力和截割热理论模型,为后续刀盘截割硬岩仿真分析提供理论基础。建立刀盘截割力有限元分析模型,以非线性弹塑性的D-P模型为硬岩的本构模型,分析刀盘截割硬岩过程中刀盘楔面角、刀盘转速、刀盘截深等因素对刀盘截割力的影响规律。研究表明:刀盘截深对刀盘截割力影响最大,刀盘楔面角次之,刀盘转速对刀盘截割力影响最小;随着刀盘转速增加,刀盘受到的冲击作用变小,刀盘截割力呈现先减小后变大的趋势,刀盘截割效率呈现先减小后变大的趋势,刀盘截割比能变小;随着刀盘楔面角增加,刀盘受到的冲击作用变大,刀盘切向力和侧向力变大,刀盘垂向力呈现先增加后减小的趋势,刀盘截割效率变大,刀盘截割比能变大;随着刀盘截深增加,刀盘受到的冲击作用变大,刀盘截割力变大,刀盘截割效率变大,刀盘截割能耗变小。建立刀盘截割热有限元分析模型,以非线性弹塑性的D-P模型为硬岩的本构模型,分析刀盘截割硬岩过程中刀盘楔面角、刀盘转速、刀盘截深等因素对刀盘截割热的影响规律。研究表明:刀盘转速对刀盘截割热影响最大,刀盘截深次之,刀盘楔面角对刀盘截割热影响最小;随着刀盘转速增加,刀盘截割热变大;随着刀盘楔面角增加,刀盘截割热变小;随着刀盘截深增加,刀盘截割热变大。建立刀盘磨损仿真分析模型,分析刀盘截割硬岩过程中刀盘楔面角、刀盘转速、刀盘截深等因素对刀盘磨损的影响规律。研究表明:刀盘截深对刀盘磨损影响最大,刀盘楔面角次之,刀盘转速对刀盘磨损影响最小;随着刀盘转速增加,刀盘磨损量变小;随着刀盘楔面角增加,刀盘磨损量呈现先增加后减小,最后再增加的趋势;随着刀盘截深增加,刀盘磨损量变大。以仿真分析数据为基础,建立刀盘截割力、刀盘截割热、刀盘磨损的回归模型,将三个回归模型耦合联立,建立刀盘寿命分析模型,为定量分析刀盘截割硬岩过程中刀盘磨损程度提供一定的理论基础。由刀盘寿命分析模型可知,随着刀盘截割力和刀盘截割热增加,刀盘磨损量变大;随着刀盘转速增加,刀盘磨损量变小。由刀盘寿命分析模型可知,当刀盘转速n=150r/min、刀盘楔面角α=65°、刀盘截深h=10mm时,刀盘磨损、刀盘截割力、刀盘截割热均为最小值,此时刀盘截割破岩性能最佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,the cutting tools used in traditional operation equipment for long-distance and high-burial hard rock tunnels and full-rock roadways are mainly pick-type picks and edge scrapers.When the cutter cuts the rock,it applies a load exceeding its compressive strength to the rock to break the rock.This makes cutting operations more energy-consuming and severe tool wear.It can be seen from the research that the compressive strength value of rock is much higher than the shear strength value and tensile strength value of rock.Based on the mechanical properties of the rock,a cutterhead structure with tensile-shear failure as the rock-breaking mechanism is proposed.The cutter head is combined with the flexible cantilever roadheader to establish a cutter head hard rock cutting system.This structure reduces cutting energy consumption while increasing the service life of the cutter.The mechanical properties and crushing mechanism of the hard rock are analyzed,and the theoretical model of the cutting force and cutting heat of the cutter head is established for the cutter head structure,which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent simulation analysis and experiment of the cutter head cutting hard rock.A finite element analysis model was established to study the cutting force of the cutter head,and the non-linear elastoplastic D-P model is used as the constitutive model of hard rock to analyze the wedge face angle and the cutter head in the hard rock.This model is used to analyze the influence law of the cutter head wedge angle,the cutter head speed,the cutter head cutting depth and other factors on the cutter head cutting force in the process of cutter head cutting hard rock.Research shows that the cutting depth of the cutter head has the greatest influence on the cutting force of the cutter head,followed by the wedge angle of the cutter head,and the speed of the cutter head has the least influence on the cutting force of the cutter head.As the speed of the cutter head increases,the impact on the cutter head becomes smaller.The cutting force of the cutter head decreases first and then becomes larger.The cutting efficiency of the cutter head decreases first and then becomes larger.The cutting specific energy of the cutter head becomes smaller.As the wedge angle of the cutter head increases,the impact on the cutter head becomes greater.The cutter head tangential force and side force become larger.The vertical force of the cutter head increases first and then decreases.The cutting efficiency of the cutter head becomes larger.The cutting specific energy of the cutter head becomes larger.As the cutting depth of the cutter head increases,the impact on the cutter head becomes greater.The cutting force of the cutter head becomes larger.The cutting efficiency of the cutter head becomes larger.The energy consumption of cutter head cutting is reduced.A finite element analysis model was established to study the cutting force of the cutter head,and the non-linear elastoplastic D-P model is used as the constitutive model of hard rock to analyze the wedge face angle and the cutter head in the hard rock.This model is used to analyze the influence of the cutter head wedge angle,the cutter head speed,the cutter head cutting depth and other factors on the cutting heat of the cutter head in the process of cutting hard rock.Research shows that the speed of the cutter head has the greatest influence on the cutting heat of the cutter head,followed by the cutting depth of the cutter head,and the wedge face angle of the cutter head has the smallest effect on the cutting heat of the cutter head.As the rotating speed of the cutter head increases,the cutting heat of the cutter head increases.As the wedge angle of the cutter head increases,the cutting heat of the cutter head decreases.As the cutting depth of the cutter head increases,the cutting heat of the cutter head increases.A simulation analysis model of cutter head wear was established to study the influence of the cutter head angle,the cutter head speed,the cutter head depth and other factors on cutter head wear in the process of cutter head cutting hard rock.Research shows that the cutting depth of the cutter head has the greatest impact on the wear of the cutter head,followed by the wedge angle of the cutter head,and the speed of the cutter head has the least effect on the wear of the cutter head.As the rotation speed of the cutter head increases,the wear of the cutter head becomes smaller.As the wedge angle of the cutter head increases,the wear of the cutter head increases first,then decreases,and finally increases.As the cutting depth of the cutter head increases,the wear of the cutter head increases.Based on the simulation analysis data,a regression model of cutter head cutting force,cutter head cutting heat,and cutter head wear was established.The three regression models are coupled together to establish a cutter head life analysis model,which provides a certain theoretical basis for the quantitative analysis of the cutter head wear in the process of cutting hard rock by the cutter head.From the cutter head life analysis model,it can be seen that as the cutter head cutting force and the cutter head cutting heat increase,the cutter head wear becomes larger.As the rotation speed of the cutter head increases,the wear of the cutter head becomes smaller.According to the cutter head life analysis model,when the cutter head speed n=150r/min,the cutter head wedge angle α=65°,and the cutter head depth h=10mm,the cutter head wear,cutter head cutting force,and cutter head cutting The heat is minimum.At this time,the cutter head has the best performance in cutting and breaking the rock.更多还原