【作者】 周杰；

【导师】 郑冠宇；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以江苏省农村污水处理设施为研究对象,收集调研了省内285个农村生活污水处理设施,总结归纳了常用的处理工艺流程,介绍了不同工艺的优缺点。为更好地分析研究,遴选了7个比较有代表性的典型设施,对比分析设施的处理工艺、进出水水质情况、运维管理模式,总结不同技术工艺的优缺点和适应性,为江苏不同村庄优选污水处理工艺提供参考。最后,对全省农村生活污水处理设施运维管护模式进行了全面的梳理,对各种模式成效进行了分析评估,提出了建议。本文得出几项调研分析结论:(1)调研285个农村污水处理设施,其中生物技术占48.5%,生态技术占3.6%,生物生态组合技术占47.9%。(2)对7个典型设施出水水质分析中,引用综合污染物指数P值,计算P值为:接触氧化+人工湿地技术是0.25、生物滤池+人工湿地是0.32、A2/O是0.36、接触氧化A/O是0.6、高负荷地下渗滤是0.65,由此可以看出综合污染物处理效果生物生态组合技术表现最佳。(3)根据典型设施污染物去除率、综合污染物指数以及实际运行情况,得出各类处理工艺的适用范围:生物处理技术处理效果稳定,但建设和运行成本比较高,且操作管理相对复杂,在调研案例中主要应用在处理规模较大、水质要求较高、经济实力较强的地区,普遍应用于镇一级的污水处理厂,推荐使用A2/O工艺;生态处理技术建设运行成本较低,运管较简易,在调研案例中主要应用于土地资源较丰富、污水进水浓度不高、经济实力不强、缺乏专业操作管理人员的地区,同时可以美化景观,但人工湿地等工艺处理效果受天气影响较大,N、P去除率较低,推进使用高负荷地下渗滤工艺;生物生态组合技术是生物和生态两种技术的结合,是村庄污水处理常用工艺,主要是根据地方实际,选择适当的生物、生态单位工艺自由组合,充分发挥各自的优势,达到更好的实用性和治污效果,适用于不仅需要去除COD和悬浮物,还需要对氮、磷进行控制、经济发展程度较高、土地面积较为充裕的地区,生物滤池+人工湿地技术有较好应用效果。(4)各地在建设农村生活污水处理设施的同时,必须切实加强设施的运行、维护和管理,建立可持续、长效的运管机制,确保设施正常稳定运行,废水达标排放。通过分析江苏农村生活污水处理四种运管模式的优劣势,得出镇/村管理模式运行成本低、管理简单,但由于财力不足,专业管护人才缺乏,实际监管难以到位,存在较多弊端;各部门联合管理模式增强了监管的专业性、缓解了资金难题,但存在权责不清、部门推诿等问题;城乡水务管理一体化模式有较充足的经费保障和专业的人才保障,但专注农村设施精力有限,且运行成本较高;第三方运行模式利用市场机制管理,专业化水平高,治理效果好,但运行成本较高,且需要加强政府监管考核。更多还原

【Abstract】 This work takes Jiangsu Province as the research object.A total of 285 rural domestic sewage treatment facilities were investigated and summarized about their commonly used treatment processes and both the advantages and disadvantages of different processes.For the purpose of futher study,seven typically representative facilities were selected to compare and analyze the treatment process,inlet and outlet water quality,and operation and maintenance management mode.The advantages and disadvantages and adaptability of different technological processes were summarized to provide references for the optimization of sewage treatment processes in different villages of Jiangsu.Finally,the operation and maintenance modes of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities were comprehensively sorted out,the effects of various modes were analyzed and evaluated,and policy recommendations were put forward.This article draws several conclusions:(1)Of the 285 rural sewage treatment facilities investigated,biotechnology accounted for 48.5%,ecological technology for 3.6%and bio-ecological combination technology for 47.9%.(2)In the analysis of effluent water quality of 7 typical facilities,the comprehensive pollutant index P value is used The calculated P values are:contact oxidation+constructed wetland technology is 0.25,biofilter+constructed wetland is 0.32,A2/O is 0.36,contact oxidation a/O is 0.6,high-load underground infiltration is 0.65 Thus,it can be seen that bioecological combination technology performs best in comprehensive pollutant treatment effect.(3)According to the typical facility pollutant removal rate,the comprehensive pollutant index and the actual operation situation,the suitable scope of each kind of treatment craft is obtained:The biological treatment technology treatment effect is stable,but the construction and the operation cost are high,and the operation and management is relatively complex,in the case study mainly used in large-scale treatment,water quality requirements,economic strength of the region,generally used in the town level of the Sewage Treatment,recommended the use of A2/O process;The ecological treatment technology has low operating cost and simple transportation management,and is mainly used in areas with rich land resources,low sewage inflow concentration,low economic strength and lack of professional operation and management personnel It can also beautify the landscape,but the treatment effect of the constructed wetland and other processes is greatly affected by the weather,the removal rate of N and P is low,and the high-load underground infiltration process is promoted It is a common process for village sewage treatment,mainly according to local conditions,choosing the appropriate combination of biological and ecological units,giving full play to their respective advantages,and achieving better practicability and pollution control effect It can be used not only to remove COD and suspended matter,but also to control nitrogen and phosphorus,and the area of land is abundant.The technology of biofilter and constructed wetland has good application effect.(4)While building rural domestic sewage treatment facilities,all localities have to effectively strengthen the operation,maintenance and management of facilities,to establish a sustainable and long-term operation and maintenance mechanism to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the facilities and discharge of wastewater up to standard.By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of four modes of waste water management in rural areas,it is concluded that the township/village management mode is characterized by low operation cost and simple management.However,due to the lack of government financial resources and the lack of professional management and protection personnel,the actual supervision is difficult to put in place,and there are many drawbacks.The joint management mode of various departments has enhanced the professionalism of supervision and relieved the financial difficulties,but there are still unclear responsibilities and departments.The integration model of urban and rural water management has sufficient funds and professional personnel,but the operation cost is high;the third-party operation model adopts market mechanism to manage with high level of specialization and good governance effect,yet it needs to strengthen government supervision and assessment,and requires strong financial investment.更多还原