【作者】 李扬；

【导师】 卢纪富；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 热能工程， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着工业化的发展,我国工业建筑面积出现了极大的增长,目前已经位居于世界前列。但与此同时,生产过程中产生的污染问题也日益严重。工业建筑内劳动环境的质量关乎员工的身体健康,是社会关注的热点问题。目前,工业建筑多应用复合通风,即机械排风与自然排风结合的模式,但高污染散发类工业建筑区别于一般工业建筑,其热量排放高、污染物浓度排放大,劳动环境特性受到厂房内不同强度热源、污染物排放特性等因素影响。当前针对此问题研究较少,因此,本文探讨了不同通风模式下高污染散发类工业建筑中劳动环境的温度特性和污染物排放特性;通过响应面优化实验设计获得了最优化的劳动环境特性。本研究针对高污染散发类工业厂房,搭建了具备热源和机械排风装置的实验模型,进行了不同复合通风模式的实验。对不同复合通风模式下的劳动环境特性研究发现,温度效率和排污效率都受到了机械排风速度的影响,存在最佳排风速度使温度效率及排污效率达到最大。对典型复合通风模式下的污染物排放特性研究发现,热源强度和排风量影响气体污染物的扩散和排除,而粉尘类污染的防控则需要减少排风所引起的低层空气剧烈流动。在实验研究的基础上,分别采用中心复合设计(CCD)和Box-Behnken设计(BBD)响应面分析法,研究了热源强度、机械排风量、机械排风速度和复合通风模式四个因素对工作区域温度、温度效率、排污效率以及捕集效率的影响,旨在获得最优的劳动环境特性。结果表明:在参数变化范围内,即工作区域温度实测值变化范围1.14～2.67℃、温度效率变化范围3.32～9.76、排污效率变化范围3.12～5.52,以及捕集效率变化范围64.3%～94.5%,各响应面指标的优化模型均符合二次优化模型。通过参数对指标的交互作用分析发现,热源强度与复合通风模式、热源强度与机械排风量、热源强度与机械排风速度、机械排风量与机械排风速度、机械排风速度与复合通风模式对劳动环境特性的响应指标起着显著交互作用。对于劳动环境温度特性的优化,当热源强度为245.96W、机械排风量为75.98m~3/h、机械排风速度为0.81m/s,复合通风模式为模式五时,工作区域温度和温度效率达到最优值,分别为1.03℃和12.86;对于劳动环境污染物排放特性的优化,当热源强度为299.48W、机械排风量为70.55m~3/h、机械排风速度为1.24m/s,复合通风模式为模式四时,排污效率和捕集效率达到最优值,分别为5.76和94.87%。本研究揭示了不同组合形式下高污染散发类工业建筑内的劳动环境特性,对改善厂房内热环境和提高污染物排放效率有一定的意义和应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of China’s industrialization,the area of industrial buildings has increased greatly,and it is now in the forefront of the world.But at the same time,the pollution caused by production is becoming more and more serious.The quality of working environment in industrial buildings is related to the health of workers,which is the focus of social attention.At present,the industrial buildings are mainly used the combination of mechanical exhaust and natural exhaust.However,the high-pollution-emitting industrial buildings are different from general industrial buildings in that they have high heat emissions and large pollutant concentration emissions.The characteristics of the labor environment are affected by factors such as different intensity heat sources and pollutant emission characteristics in the plant.At present,there are few studies on this problem.Therefore,this paper discusses the temperature characteristics and pollutant emission characteristics of the working environment in industrial buildings with high pollution emission under different ventilation modes;Through the response surface optimization experiment design,the most optimized labor environment characteristics are obtained.In this study,an experimental device model with heat source and mechanical exhaust device was built for industrial buildings with high pollution emission.It is found that the temperature efficiency and pollutant discharge efficiency are affected by the mechanical exhaust speed,and there is an optimal exhaust speed to maximize the temperature efficiency and pollutant discharge efficiency.It is found that the intensity of heat source and exhaust air volume affect the diffusion and removal of gas pollutants,while the prevention and control of dust pollution need to reduce the violent flow of low-level air caused by exhaust air.Further,on the basis of experimental research,the Central Combination Design CCD and Box Behnken Design BBD response surface analysis methods were used to study the influence of four factors of heat source intensity,mechanical exhaust volume,mechanical exhaust speed and compound ventilation mode on the working area temperature and temperature efficiency.The impact of pollution discharge efficiency and capture efficiency,aiming to obtain a better working environment exhaust condition setting.The test results show that within the parameter change range,the actual measured value of the working zone temperature varies from 1.14 to2.67°C,the temperature efficiency varies from 3.32 to 9.76,the sewage efficiency varies from 3.12 to 5.52,and the collection efficiency varies.It is 64.3%～94.5%.The optimization model of each response surface index is in line with the secondary optimization model.Through the analysis of the interactive influence of the parameters on the index,it is found that the intensity of the heat source and the compound ventilation mode,the intensity of the heat source and the mechanical exhaust volume,the intensity of the heat source and the mechanical exhaust speed,and the mechanical exhaust The amount and mechanical exhaust speed,mechanical exhaust speed and compound ventilation mode have a significant interaction on the labor environment temperature field and pollutant emission response indicators;for the optimization of the labor environment temperature field,when the heat source intensity is 245.96W and the mechanical exhaust When the air volume is 75.98m~3/h,the mechanical exhaust speed is 0.81m/s,and the compound ventilation mode is mode 5,the working area temperature and temperature efficiency reach the optimal values,1.03°C and 12.86 respectively;optimized for labor environmental pollutants,When the heat source intensity is 299.48W,the mechanical exhaust volume is70.55m~3/h,the mechanical exhaust speed is 1.24m/s,and the compound ventilation mode is mode 4,the pollution discharge efficiency and capture efficiency reach the optimal values,which are 5.76 And 94.87%.This study reveals the characteristics of labor environment in industrial buildings with high emission of pollutants under different combination forms,which has certain significance and application value for improving the thermal environment and increasing the emission rate of pollutants.更多还原