【作者】 张凯；

【导师】 李伟光；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（专业学位）， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着环保政策和法规的逐渐完善,污泥处理成本逐渐增加,污泥处理也成为了困扰污水处理厂运营的主要问题之一,应根据地方环境、实际需求等因素因地制宜的选择合理技术进行处理,污泥堆肥技术适合污泥处理成本较低、土地资源丰富的地区,但好氧发酵过程中的臭气和占地问题仍然阻碍着该工艺的发展。针对传统污泥好氧堆肥过程占地面积大、产生臭气量大等问题,多段回转污泥好氧堆肥舱工艺可以实现污泥堆肥的连续进料、快速堆肥及封闭式运行。本文以东北某地区的污泥处理工程为研究目标,对工程的建设条件进行详细的调研,并论证该项目的工艺技术方案和产品方案。在工艺原理分析的基础上,结合泥质分析,设计主要建构筑物并选择主要的工艺系统设备。在设备安装合格的基础上,开始进行堆肥舱工艺系统的调试,调试前的准备工作中,明确调试程序和调试目的,检查工艺调试的基本条件。调试前期准备堆肥材料,并进行单机试车,确定各系统处于正常运行状态。调试过程中对堆肥舱的填充度、通风及旋转频率、返料比例进行了调试,结果表明,由于堆肥舱的倾斜设置,堆肥舱前段填充度应较低,后段的填充度较高,整体填充度应不低于60%,堆肥舱采用间歇式供氧,堆肥舱的旋转宜在供氧间隔中进行,而返料的比例可根据情况适当调整,控制在30%左右。针对调试过程中出现的设备问题,提出针对性的解决措施。从基本参数变化、水溶性指标变化对堆肥舱工艺的效能进行了论述,从冬季运行的情况来总结主要问题并提出针对性的解决措施。结果表明,从温度、含水率和有机质等基本参数来看,堆肥舱前段温度随进料过程而周期性变化,前段可快速升温至40℃。污泥含水率可从62%-65%降低至35%-40%。污泥进入堆肥舱后,有机质含量逐步降低,最后稳定在40%-41%之间。堆肥舱前段和中段,污泥p H值会有所上升,最后稳定在8.0-8.3之间的偏碱性区间。COD的降解主要发生在前段和中段,COD的降解率达到26-27%。堆肥舱后段的GI值稳定在88%-98%之间,基本达到污泥腐熟的要求。针对冬季低温环境中面临的堆肥启动困难、升温较慢及出料含水率较高等问题,可以针对性的采取堆体保温,调整通风、降低旋转频率、提高返料比例,厂房集中供暖及投加菌剂等措施,保障堆肥效果。通过该工艺,污泥堆肥过程快速进行,臭气得到有效控制,对该多段回转污泥好氧堆肥舱工艺的应用提供了良好的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the gradual improvement of environmental protection policies and regulations,the cost of sewage sludge disposal has gradually increased.Sewage sludge treatment has also become one of the main problems in the operation of wastewater treatment plants.According to local environment,actual demand and other factors,reasonable technology is selected for sewage sludge treatment.Composting is suitable for areas where sludge treatment costs are low and land resources are abundant,but the odor and land occupation problems during composting are still unable to overcome.In order to solve the problems,the multi-stage rotary sewage sludge composting cabin process can realize continuous feed,rapid composting and closed operation of sludge composting.This article takes the sewage sludge treatment project in Northeast China as the research goal,conducts a detailed investigation on the construction conditions of the project,and demonstrates the project’s technology plan and product plan.Based on the analysis of process principles,combined with sewage sludge analysis,the design is mainly used for construction and selection of main equipments.On the basis of qualified equipment installation,the commissioning of the compost tank system is started.In the preparation work before commissioning,the commissioning procedures and commissioning objectives are clarified.The basic conditions for process commissioning are checked.Prepare compost materials in the early stage of commissioning,and carry out stand-alone test run to make sure that each system is in normal.During the commissioning process,the filling degree,ventilation and rotation frequency of the composting cabin,and the proportion of material returned were adjusted.The results showed that due to the tilting setting of the composting cabin,the filling degree of the front section of the composting cabin should be reduced,and the filling degree of the rear section was higher.The overall filling degree shall not be less than 60%.The intermittent ventilation of the composting cabin was adopted.The rotation of the composting chamber should be carried out in the interval of oxygen supply.The proportion of returned materials can be adjusted according to the situation,and the control is about 30%.Aimed at the equipment problems that occurred during the commissioning process,targeted solutions were proposed.On the basis of the commissioning results,the performance of the composting cabin process were discussed from the basic parameters and water solubility indexes.The main problems were summarized from the winter operation conditions and targeted solutions were proposed.The results showed that the temperature of the front section of the composting cabin periodically changed with the feeding process,and the front section could be quickly heated to 40 ℃.The moisture content could be reduced from 62%-65% to 35%-40%.The organic matter content of sewage sludge increased slightly after enterring the reactor and finally stabilizes between40%-41%.In the front and middle sections of the reactor the p H value of the sludge increased,and finally stabilized in the alkaline range between 8.0-8.3.The degradation of COD mainly occurred in the front and middle sections,and the degradation rate of COD reached to 26-27%.The GI value of the rear section of the composting cabin stabilized between 88% and 98% which meant it is non-toxic and basically meeted the requirements of sludge maturation.Aimed at the difficulties of start-up,slower temperature rise and increased moisture content of product,in low temperature environment in winter.targeted measures such as material insulation,parameters adjustment such as ventilation,rotation frequency and return material ratio should be carried out to ensure the composting effet.Trough this process,the sludge composting process is carried out quickly,and the odor is effectively controlled,which provides a good reference for the application of the multi-stage rotary sewage sludge composting cabin process.更多还原