【作者】 汪俊；

【导师】 朱孔金；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 交通运输工程， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市化进程的不断加速和人们出行需求的不断提高,大量行人广泛行走于各大商场、步行街、人行横道和演唱会现场等公共场合,这将给行人公共基础设施设计和公共交通安全管理带来极大的挑战。同时,一些紧急情况下的踩踏事故时有发生,人民群众的财产安全时常受到威胁。所以,行人交通安全已经成为了一个值得关注的热点话题。此外,行人流系统本身就是一个复杂的动态系统,所以还有很多问题值得进一步探究。本文通过计算机建模和观察实测的方法对生活中典型的相向行人流现象进行了深入的调查与分析,探究行人流演化机制和行人运动特性。本文的主要工作如下:(1)为了更好地理解不同步行偏好的行人流动态特征,提出了同时考虑步行偏好和位置互换的格子气模型。其中步行偏好包括无偏好行走(Basic case)、右偏好行走(Case A)、冲突偏好行走(Case B)三种情况。实验结果显示,改进的模型可以再现各种步行偏好情况下相向行人流的本质特征;一个有趣的发现是在特定的条件下一定程度的偏好冲突行走更有利于行人的运动,所以没有必要总是干预行人的偏好冲突行为。另外,在低密度情况下,随着位置互换强度的变大,具有偏好(Case A)行为的相向行人流运动更加有序,整体运动效率更高;在高密度情况下,具有偏好冲突(Case B)行为的相向行人流交互更加频繁,整体运动效率更高。(2)为了探究单个行人在直角转弯楼梯上自由行走时的运动特性,开展了观测实验。通过Petrack软件提取了行人的运动轨迹,并对得到的有效轨迹进行直接线性变换进行校正,根据轨迹数据从不同的角度研究行人的运动特征。结果表明,行人在转弯平台上运动时的平均速度明显大于行人在楼梯上运动时的平均速度;其次,在上行过程中男性在楼梯段1(Stair 1)和转弯平台上运动的平均速度分别明显大于女性在楼梯段1(Stair 1)和转弯平台上运动的平均速度,而在下行过程中男性在楼梯段1(Stair 1)和转弯平台上运动的平均速度分别与女性在楼梯段1(Stair 1)和转弯平台上运动的平均速度没有显著差异。最后,通过运动轨迹的分析发现,在上行的过程中行人潜意识会遵循右手交通规则并且会尽量减小行走路程,在下行过程中行人的路线分布地均匀且分散。而且行人的转弯行为主要发生在转弯平台上,在楼梯段上行人几乎按照直线行走。(3)本文针对行人的冲突避让问题,提出了考虑行人多角度转身的多格子相向行人流模型。在此模型中行人有5种不同的转身角度,行人由椭圆表示。通过研究发现,在特定的密度下,行人流会出现分层现象,并且这种分层现象不是一成不变的。接下来研究了在平衡流情况和非平衡流情况下行人的转身行为对行人流演化机制的影响。结果证明,行人的转身行为可以防止堵塞的发生,提高行人流系统的通行效率;其次,在非平衡流研究中,方向系数比例越低行人流的通行效率越高。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous acceleration of urbanization process and the continuous improvement of people’s travel demand,a large number of pedestrians widely walk in shopping malls,pedestrian streets,crosswalks,concerts sites and other public places,which will bring great challenges to the pedestrian public infrastructure design and public traffic safety management.At the same time,some emergency stampede accidents occur from time to time,people’s property safety is often threatened.Therefore,pedestrian traffic safety has become a hot topic worthy of attention.In addition,pedestrian flow system itself is a complex dynamic system,so there are many problems worthy of further study.In this paper,through computer modeling and observation experiments,the typical bidirectional pedestrian flow phenomenon in life is investigated and analyzed,and the evolution mechanism of pedestrian flow and pedestrian movement characteristics are explored.The main work of this paper is as follows.(1)In order to better understand the dynamic characteristics of pedestrian flow with different walking preferences,we establish a lattice gas model considering both walking preferences and position exchange.Walking preference including pedestrian counter flow with preference(Case A),with conflicting preference(Case B),.and without preference(Basic case).The experimental results show that the proposed model can reproduce some essential features of pedestrian counter flow with various walking preference.It is not always necessary to intervene the behavior of pedestrians’ conflicting preference,since appropriate degree of preference is beneficial to movement of pedestrians with specific density.In addition,with the significant influence of position exchange,the flow in Case A with more orderly motion is more efficient in the context of low density,while the flow in Case B with more frequent interactions is more efficient in the case of high density.(2)In order to explore the movement characteristics of a single pedestrian walking freely on the right angle turn stairs,an observation experiment was carried out.The trajectory of pedestrians is extracted by pe-track software,and the effective trajectory is corrected by direct linear transformation.According to the trajectory data,the motion characteristics of pedestrian are studied from different angles.The results show that the average speed of pedestrians moving on the turning platform is significantly higher than that of pedestrian moving on stairs;Secondly,the average speed of men on stair 1 and the turning platform was significantly higher than that of women on stair 1 and the turning platform respectively in the ascending process,while there was no significant difference between the average speed of men on stair 1 and the turning platform and that of women on stair 1 and the turning platform in the descending process.Finally,through the analysis of the trajectory,it is found that the pedestrian subconsciously follows the right-hand traffic rules and reduces the walking distance as much as possible in the process of ascending,and the pedestrian routes are evenly distributed and scattered in the process of descending.Moreover,the turning behavior of pedestrians mainly occurs on the turning platform.On the stairway,pedestrians walk almost in a straight line.(3)Aiming at the problem of pedestrian collision avoidance,this paper proposes a multi-grid counter pedestrian flow model considering pedestrian multi-angle turn.In this model,pedestrians have five different turning angles,which are represented by ellipses.Through the research,we find that under a specific density,pedestrian flow will appear lane formation phenomenon,and lane formation phenomenon is not a layer invariable.Next,the influence of pedestrian’s turn behavior on the evolution mechanism of pedestrian flow in the case of balanced flow and unbalanced flow is studied.The results show that pedestrian turning behavior can prevent the occurrence of congestion and improve the traffic efficiency of pedestrian flow system;Secondly,in the study of unbalanced flow,the lower the proportion of direction coefficient,the higher the traffic efficiency of pedestrian flow.更多还原