【作者】 刘丽娜；

【导师】 高云航；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 兽医（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着畜牧养殖业的发展,养殖场产生大量畜禽废水,由于其水质复杂、处理难度大、治理率低、排放不达标等众多因素,成为了环境污染的主要问题。因此,找到一种合理的、经济的及适应性广的养殖废水处理方法势在必行。微生物强化技术凭借其去除效率高、受外界环境影响小、不产生二次污染等优点,逐渐引起国内外学者的关注和研究的重点。然而,微生物强化技术应用在高浓度的废水处理方面还未得到广泛应用,且现有产品较多,效果不一。因此本研究旨在筛选出废水处理效果较优的微生物复合菌剂,并将其与序批式活性污泥法（SBR）处理工艺相结合对养殖废水进行处理,通过测定出水指标来探讨复合菌剂的强化效果,同时利用高通量测序技术分析了微生物强化SBR装置中活性污泥微生物菌群的结构,并分析了菌群结构与废水指标改变的相关性,以探究废水处理过程中主要功能相关菌。具体研究结果如下:1、三种复合菌剂对养殖废水中COD、氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）、总磷（TP）去除效果随时间变化存在较大差异,且三种菌剂之间也存在显著差异（P<0.05）。FHJ1菌剂和FHJ2菌剂均在处理废水48 h后,对COD、NH₄⁺-N及TP达到最高去除率,COD最高去除率分别为68.19%±1.87%、76.33%±1.83%;NH₄⁺-N去除率分别为98.9%±0.70%、96.31%±2.28%;TP去除率分别为77.39%±1.16%、82.84%±3.96%;均显著高于其他处理时间（P<0.05）。而FHJ3菌剂则在72 h时COD去除率最高,为66.38%±2.76%,96 h时NH₄⁺-N去除率最高,为92.94%±1.46%,48 h时TP去除率最高,为58.71%±0.68%,显著高于其他处理时间（P<0.05）。综合分析发现,三种复合菌剂中的FHJ2复合菌剂对养殖废水的处理效果最好。2、将FHJ2复合菌剂投加到SBR装置中,经过5 d的处理,B-SBR（复合菌剂-SBR）对COD的去除效果由第1 d的52.96%±1.57%提高到64.35%±1.41%,但相比于SBR无明显提高。而NH₄⁺-N和TP去除率与SBR相比均有明显提高,分别达到97.21%±1.31%和84.54%±2.18%,高于对照组的95.28%±0.41%和77.48%±1.74%。通过生物相测定及扫描电镜观察发现,向SBR中投加了FHJ2复合菌剂,可以有效增加微生物的数量,改善活性污泥的泥体结构,进而提高了SBR处理废水效率。3、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为所有样本中主要优势菌门,其次为疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）和芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）。Saprospiraceae＿unclassified、Gemmatimonadaceae unclassified、Pseudomonas、NS9 marinegroup unclassified、Dechloromonas unclassified为主要优势菌属。COD含量与Gemmatimonadaceae＿unclassified、Flavobacterium、Acidovorax相对丰度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。B-SBR装置中NH4⁺-N含量与Gemmatimonadaceae＿unclassified、NS9 marine groupunclassified相对丰度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,与Pseudomonas、Dechloromonas呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。复合菌剂与SBR相结合一定程度上起到生物强化的作用,增强了SBR对养殖废水的处理效果,本研究为养殖场处理高浓度养殖废水提供了菌剂参考,对养殖场能够更加合理地进行废水处理工作,完善废水处理技术,有效治理畜禽养殖废水具有一定的指导意义,同时为畜禽养殖废水无害化处理提供理论基础和数据参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of livestock husbandry,a large amount of livestock wastewater is produced.Due to its complexity,it is hard to be treated to reach the national standard.Therefore,livestock wastewater has become the major environmental issues.According to the actual situation,it is necessary to find a reasonable,economic,technically feasible and widely adaptable treatment.The microbial enhanced technology has been coming the center of attention as its high removal efficiency.Although the microbial enhanced technology has the advantages of low impact from the external environment and no secondary pollution,it has not been widely used in the treatment of high concentration livestock wastewater.There are many kinds of microbial agents with different effects,the purpose of this study is to screen out the microbial complex agent with better effect on livestock wastewater and combined with SBR treatment.The effluent index of combined SBR is analyzed for the enhanced effects.At the same time,high-throughput sequencing technology is used to analyze the microbial community of the sludge in microbial enhanced SBR reactor.To study on the main function related bacteria in treatment process,we also analyze the correlation between the microbial community and the change of wastewater index.The results are as follows:1、The removal efficiency of COD,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in livestock water with three kinds of complex microbial agents varied with time,and there were significant differences among the three microbial agents（P<0.05）.after 48h of treatment,FHJ1and FHJ2 agents reached the highest removal rates of COD,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus.Respectively,the COD removal rate ware68.19%±1.87%and76.33%±1.83%;the ammonia nitrogen removal rate ware 98.9%±0.70%and 96.31%±2.82%;the total phosphorus removal rate ware 77.89%±1.16%and 82.84%±3.96%.It was significantly higher than other treatment time（P<0.05）.The highest removal rate of COD with FHJ3 agent which was 66.38%±2.76%at 72h;the highest removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 92.94%±1.46%at 96h;and the highest removal rate of total phosphorus was 58.71%±0.68%.Therefore,FHJ2microbial agent showed the best effect on the treatment of livestock wastewater.2、FHJ2 agent was added into SBR reactor,and after 5d running,the removal rate of COD increased from 52.96%±1.57%on the first day to 64.35%±1.41%on the fifth day.However,there was no significant improvement compared with SBR control group.The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly increased,reaching 97.21%±1.31%and 84.52%±2.18%respectively,which were high than 95.28%±0.41%and 77.48%±1.74%of the control group.Through the electron microscope scanning and biological phase observation,it was found that FHJ2agent increased the number of microorganisms and improved the sludge structure to enhance the efficiency of SBR system.3、The dominant phyla in all samples ware Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes,secondary are Verrucomicrobia and Gemmatimonadetes.The dominante genera ware Saprospiraceae＿unclassified、Gemmatimonadaceae unclassified、Pseudomonas、NS9marinegroup unclassified、Dechloromonas unclassified.The COD was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadaceae＿unclassified、Flavobacterium and Acidovorax（P<0.05）.The NH₄⁺-N was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadaceae＿unclassified and NS9 marine groupunclassified（P<0.05）,and positively correlated with Pseudomonas、Dechloromonas（P<0.05）.The combination of microbial agent and SBR can enhance the effect of SBR on the treatment of livestock wastewater.It is a microbial reference for the treatment of high concentration livestock wastewater.Therefore,it provides theoretical basis and reference for farms to carry out sewage treatment reasonably and also to improve the efficiency of the treatment technology.更多还原