【作者】 陈鹏；

【导师】 刘节华； 孟凡成；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 材料工程（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 锌-空气电池因具有极高的理论比能量密度(1218 Wh kg^-1),被视为新一代能源存储设备并受到了广泛关注。同时,随着柔性可穿戴电子器件的兴起和对水下动力电池的迫切需求,高安全的锌-空气电池有望在上述应用领域实现弯道超车。本论文采用模板法制备了过渡金属和氮掺杂的碳基催化剂,通过淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺制备了碱性聚合物凝胶电解质,并实现了在不同条件下锌-空气电池中的应用。首先,我们利用低成本的氯化钠作为模板、三聚氰胺作为碳源和氮源,制备了具有碳纳米管和碳纳米片堆叠结构的催化剂（Co/Fe-N-C）。在Co和Fe的摩尔比为2:1时该催化剂具有最优的ORR和OER催化活性,其ΔE值仅为0.72 V。此外,Co/Fe-N-C催化剂在锌-空气电池的应用中展现出良好的功率密度和放电比容量,并能在恒流充放电测试中稳定工作180 h。其次,我们通过淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺制备了具有高电解液保持性能和离子导电性的双交联三维网络结构碱性聚合物凝胶电解质（S-PAM）,改善了电解质和电极之间的接触情况。基于该电解质组装的柔性锌-空气电池不但具有较高的工作电位和循环稳定性,而且表现出良好的耐弯折、锤击性能并保持稳定工作,证实了Co/Fe-N-C催化剂和S-PAM电解质在柔性锌-空气电池中应用的可行性。最后,我们设计并组装了具有大面积气体吸附层辅助的锌-空气电池。验证了大面积气体吸附层能够吸附水中的氧。实现大面积气体吸附层辅助的水下锌-空气电池在1 m A cm^-2电流密度下稳定放电70 h,在恒流充放电的过程中充放电的极化电位仅为传统锌-空气电池的一半并表现出较好的稳定性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zinc-air battery,which has a very high theoretical specific energy density(1218 Wh kg^-1),has been regarded as a new generation of energy storage devices and has received widespread attention.At the same time,with the rise of flexible wearable electronic devices and the urgent demand for underwater power batteries,high safety and reliability of Zinc-air batteries are expected to achieve curve overtaking in the above application fields.In this paper,transition metal and nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalysts were prepared by template method and alkaline polymer gel electrolyte was prepared by starch grafting acrylamide,and its application in zinc-air battery was realized under different conditions.First,we prepared a bifunctional catalyst（Co/Fe-N-C）with stacked carbon nanotubes and carbon nanosheets using low-cost sodium chloride as template and melamine as carbon and nitrogen sources.When the molar ratio of Co to Fe is 2:1,the catalyst has the best catalytic activity of ORR and OER,and itsΔE value is only 0.72 V.The practical application of Co/Fe-N-C catalyst in Zinc-air batteries shows high power density and specific discharge capacity,and can work stably for 180 h in constant current charge and discharge tests.Secondly,we have prepared an alkaline polymer gel electrolyte（S-PAM）with high electrolyte retention and ionic conductivity by grafting acrylamide onto starch to improve the contact between electrolyte and electrode,which greatly improved the contact between the electrolyte and the electrode.The flexible Zinc-Air battery based on this electrolyte not only has high working potential and cycle stability,but also shows good bending resistance and hammer impact performance and keeps stable operation,which confirms the feasibility of applying Co/Fe-N-C catalyst and S-PAM electrolyte in flexible Zinc-Air battery.Finally,we designed and assembled a zinc-air cell assisted by a large area of gas diffusion layer.We verified that the large area gas adsorption layer can adsorb oxygen in water.The Zinc-Air battery with the aid of a large area gas adsorption layer was discharged steadily at a current density of 1 m A cm^-2 for 70 h.In the process of constant current charge and discharge,the polarization potential of the battery was only half of that of the traditional Zinc-air battery and showed good stability.更多还原