【作者】 章军；

【导师】 尤淑君；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 中国史， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 双轮双铧犁是一种在苏东国家广泛流行的大型畜力农具。在中苏合作的历史背景以及新中国实现农业耕作“半机械化”的时代愿景下,它成了中共建政初期农具改良运动的主角。国家不惜人力物力,力图让这一农具奔驰在全国的田野上。在稻作农业为主的浙江省,这种旱地农具亦销售了数万台之多。但无论是在浙江抑或是全国其他地区,双铧犁的推广成果都不尽如人意。绝大多数犁在农民手中被束之高阁。两次轰轰烈烈的推广运动最后也分别因“反冒进”与国民经济调整黯然收场。本文通过对浙江省双轮双铧犁推广运动的研究,认为双铧犁的失败既由于其固有的技术缺陷,也因为彼时农业部门对苏联经验的生搬硬套,以及“三大改造”后各社会部门间的矛盾与冲突。50年代中期,新中国虽然通过“三大改造”运动确立了社会主义经济制度,但距离各个社会部门真正适应这一制度,乃至于走出中国自己的路,还需要很长时间。更多还原

【Abstract】 The double wheel double share plough is a kind of large livestock farm tool which is widely used in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe region.Under the historical background of Sino-USSR cooperation and the future of "semi mechanization" of agricultural,it became the protagonist of the agricultural tool improvement campaign.The government spared no effort to popularize such kind of farm tool.In Zhejiang Province,tens of thousands of such farming tool have been sold.However,the result of the campaign is not satisfactory.Most ploughs were abandoned by farmers.Based on the study of this campaign in Zhejiang Province,this paper holds that the failure of the double share plough was due to its inherent technical defects,the rigid application of the Soviet experience by the agricultural sector at that time,and the contradictions and conflicts among various social sectors after the "three major transformations".In the mid-1950 s,although PRC has established the socialist economic system through the "three transformations" campaign,it will take a long time for all social sectors to really adapt to this system and find out a better way for the country.更多还原