【作者】 陈鹏；

【导师】 王其亨； 张凤梧；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑历史与理论， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 如园位于长春园外环景区的东南隅,始建于乾隆三十二年(1767年),嘉庆十六年(1811年)大规模重修,道光年间局部整修,咸丰十年(1860年)毁于兵火,变为废墟。经过2011年一次考古勘探与2012年、2017年二次考古发掘,遗址大部分显露于地面,现未采取保护与展示措施。如园是乾隆皇帝第四次南巡后写仿江宁(南京)瞻园而建,是典型的人工平地山水园。如园规仿瞻园的格局与意境,采用“对景”与“借景”的设计手法,营造了一处极具清幽淳朴风格的皇家文人园林。本文采用考古发掘、现状调查与文献分析相结合的研究方法,从现状分析、营建变迁、复原研究、写仿手法、空间特色、造园意匠等角度对如园展开了广泛而系统地研究。在遗址现状勘察、文献史料梳理、样式雷图考辨的基础上,详细地提炼了遗址现状信息,探明了咸丰年间如园的总体格局,系统地厘清了如园从乾隆朝肇建、嘉庆朝增华、道光朝整修、咸丰朝衰亡及近现代变迁的历史过程,并通过图示的方式对乾嘉时期如园总体格局与单体建筑进行了复原研究。在此基础上,对比分析如园与瞻园,阐明了两园在空间环境、山水格局、建筑形制、造园手法、植物配置、文化意蕴等层面的异同,提炼了如园具体写仿创作手法,并总结了乾嘉两代帝王在园林营建中的不同审美倾向。通过对如园空间特色与造园意匠进行深入分析,揭示了如园背后所蕴含的儒释道多元文化融合的创作意匠与文化内涵,不仅推动了清代皇家园林个案研究,而且深化了圆明园遗址的历史与价值认知,进一步推动了圆明园遗址公园的保护实践。更多还原

【Abstract】 Located in the southeast corner of the outer ring scenic area of Changchun Garden,Ruyuan was first built in the 32 nd year of Qianlong’s reign(1767),rebuilt in1811 in the 16 th year of Jiaqing,partially renovated in daoguang’s reign,and destroyed in the 10 th year of Xianfeng’s reign(1860).After the first archaeological exploration in 2011 and the second archaeological excavation in 2012 and 2017,most of the site is exposed to the ground,and no protection and exhibition measures have been taken.Ruyuan was built in imitation of Jiangning(Nanjing)Zhanyuan after Emperor Qianlong’s fourth southern tour.It is a typical artificial plain landscape garden.For example,the layout of the garden imitates the pattern and artistic conception of the prospective garden,adopting the design techniques of "opposite scenery" and "borrowing scenery",and creating a royal literati garden with a very quiet and honest style.This paper adopts the research methods of archaeological excavation,current situation investigation and literature analysis,and conducts extensive and systematic research on Ruyuan from the perspectives of current situation analysis,construction changes,restoration research,imitation techniques,spatial characteristics,and garden-builder.The site situation survey,combing historical materials,and styles on the basis of ray diagram,and refine the site status information in detail,proved the xianfeng years,such as the overall pattern of garden,systematically clarify such as garden from Zhao Jian qian long and jiaqing dynasty China,daoguang xianfeng,the overhaul and the decay and the history of modern change process,and through the way of graphic in qianjia period such as garden overall pattern with monomer building rehabilitation research.On this basis,the comparative analysis of Ruyuan and Zhanyuan illustrates the similarities and differences of the two gardens in spatial environment,landscape pattern,architectural form and system,gardening techniques,plant configuration,cultural implication,etc.,distills the specific imitation techniques of Ruyuan,and summarizes the different aesthetic tendencies of the emperors in the garden construction of the Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties.Based on characteristics such as garden space and landscape have in-depth analysis,reveals the garden behind such as Confucianism,Buddhism,Taoism creation jacquard and cultural connotation of multicultural integration,not only promoted the case studies in the qing dynasty royal gardens,and deepening the history of the yuanmingyuan ruins and value perception,will further promote the yuanmingyuan ruins park protection practice.更多还原