【作者】 李玲；

【导师】 汪正祥；

【作者基本信息】 湖北大学 ， 自然地理学， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以亚热带山地大泥炭藓(Sphagnum palustre L.)及维管植物为研究对象,通过大田试验控制地下水位(设置不同高度的种植基地)与光照(覆盖不同层数的遮阴网)条件,统计大泥炭藓的生长状态、头状枝数量、覆盖面积、生物量以及维管植物的植株高度、总盖度、生物量等相关生长指标,探究大泥炭藓与维管植物的生长对地下水位与光照条件的响应。本研究为亚热带泥炭藓湿地生态恢复及泥炭藓生产的产业化提供支撑。研究结果如下:(1)试验开始前试验地共有维管植物25科32属34种,在移植泥炭藓并开始实验后,两组试验地一共发生维管植物31科58属67种,共新增维管植物14科36属49种,共减少8科13属16种。在地下水位试验组共发生维管植物25科46属52种,在光照试验组中共发生维管植物29科55属64种。(2)地下水位对大泥炭藓的四个生长指标均产生显著影响,且四个生长指标对地下水位的响应一致。各指标显示:大泥炭藓在中、高地下水位处理下有较好的生长(至试验结束时统计,生长状况良好率达87.5%～90.0%,头状枝数量在中、高地下水位条件下分别为40.5(±14.3)个、36.0(±18.9)个;覆盖面积在中、高地下水位条件下分别为68.6(±38.9)cm~2、63.5(±44.1)cm~2;生物量在中、高水位条件下分别为1.9(±0.9)g、1.8(±1.0)g。(3)地下水位对维管植物的植株高度、总盖度、生物量均有显著影响,在中地下水位条件下,禾草类维管植物的植株高度、总盖度、生物量较大,分别是32.6(±3.4)cm、96.2(±1.6)%、419.9(±71.3)g;在低、高地下水位条件下,维管植物的生物量与禾草类维管植物的植株高度均较小,生物量分别是290.5(±76.8)g、297.5(±57.6)g,禾草类维管植物的植株高度分别是9.7(±1.0)cm、11.3(±2.0)cm。在本研究中,大泥炭藓生长受地下水位条件的影响要大于其受维管植物的影响,高地下水位处理下维管植物的物种数较少,具有较小的生物量与植株高度,且大泥炭藓在此种地下水位下有较好的生长。因此高地下水位是最佳地下水位条件。(4)光照对大泥炭藓的生长有显著影响,大泥炭藓的生长状态在无遮光下不及遮光处理下,随着遮光率的增加,大泥炭藓的头状枝数量不断降低,从38.9(±11.8)降低到24.5(±4.4)个,但覆盖面积和生物量先增加后降低。覆盖面积从62.0(±32.3)到128.6(±25.7)再到99.0(±19.7)cm~2;生物量从1.8(±0.7)到2.8(±0.8)再到2.0(±0.5)g。随着遮光率的增加,维管植物的总盖度与生物量不断降低。总盖度从96.2(±1.6)降低到10.0(±1.4)%;生物量从419.9(±71.3)降低到57.4(±17.1)g。(5)在遮阴条件下,维管植物总盖度与大泥炭藓覆盖面积以及生物量均显著相关,当维管植物总盖度为50%左右时,大泥炭藓覆盖面积和生物量最大。研究表明,遮阴网与维管植物共同影响大泥炭藓的生长,中度遮光(遮光率64%、76%)是帮助泥炭藓湿地快速恢复的最佳条件。综合考虑大泥炭藓的生长以及经济成本,在野外进行大泥炭藓湿地的恢复工作时,只需要覆盖1层遮阴网(遮光率64%)即可达到最好效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study,the subtropical mountain sphagnum moss(Sphagnum palustre L.)and vascular plants were used as the research objects.The field test was used to control the groundwater level(set up planting bases with different heights)and light(covering different layers of shading nets).Statistics the growth status,number of caputula,coverage area,biomass of sphagnum,and the plant height,total coverage,biomass and other related growth indicators of vascular plants,explore the growth of S.palustre and vascular plant response to light conditions.This study provides support for the ecological restoration of subtropical sphagnum wetlands and the industrialization of sphagnum production.The research results are as follows:(1)Before the start of the experiment,there were 34 species of vascular plants in 25families and 32 genera.After transplanting S.palustre and starting the experiment,a total of67 species of vascular plants in 31 families and 58 genera occurred in the two experimental sites,and a total of 14 new families of vascular plants were 36 There are 49 species in the genus,a total of 16 species in 13 genera and 8 families.There were 52 species of vascular plants in 25 families and 46 genera in the groundwater level test group,and 64 species of vascular plants in 55 families and 29 genera in the light test group.(2)The groundwater level has a significant effect on the four growth indicators of S.palustre,and the response of the four growth indicators to the groundwater level is consistent.Various indicators show that the large S.palustre has better growth under the treatment of medium and high groundwater levels(until the end of the experiment,the growth rate is good at 87.5%-90.0%,the number of caputulas is medium and high water conditions are 40.5(±14.3)and 36.0(±18.9);the coverage area is 68.6(±38.9)cm 2 and 63.5(±44.1)cm 2 at medium and high water levels;biomass is respectively at medium and high water levels 1.9(±0.9)g,1.8(±1.0)g.(3)The groundwater level has a significant effect on the plant height,total coverage,and biomass of vascular plants.Under the conditions of medium groundwater level,the plant height,total coverage,and biomass of grass vascular plants are relatively large,which are32.6,respectively.(±3.4)cm,96.2(±1.6)%,419.9(±71.3)g;under low and high groundwater conditions,the biomass of vascular plants and the plant height of grass vascular plants are both small,The amounts were 290.5(±76.8)g and 297.5(±57.6)g,and the height of grass vascular plants were 9.7(±1.0)cm and 11.3(±2.0)cm,respectively.In this study,the growth of S.palustre is affected more by the groundwater level than it is by the vascular plants.Under the high groundwater levels,the number of vascular plants is small,with a small biomass and plant height,and the large S.palustre has better growth under this kind of groundwater level.Therefore,high groundwater level is the best groundwater level condition.(4)Light has a significant effect on the growth of S.palustre.The growth status of S.palustre is better than that without shading.With the increase of shading rate,the number of caputulas of S.palustre decreases continuously from 38.9(±11.8).It decreased to 24.5(±4.4),but the coverage area and biomass increased first and then decreased.Coverage area ranges from 62.0(±32.3)to 128.6(±25.7)to 99.0(±19.7)cm~2;biomass from 1.8(±0.7)to 2.8(±0.8)to 2.0(±0.5)g.As the shading rate increases,the total coverage and biomass of vascular plants continue to decrease.Total coverage was reduced from 96.2(±1.6)to 10.0(±1.4)%;biomass was reduced from 419.9(±71.3)to 57.4(±17.1)g.(5)Under shading conditions,the total coverage of vascular plants is significantly related to the coverage area and biomass of S.palustre.When the total coverage of vascular plants is about 50%,the coverage area and biomass of S.palustre are the largest.Studies have shown that shading nets and vascular plants jointly affect the growth of S.palustre.Moderate shading(shading rates of 64%and 76%)is the best condition to help the S.palustre wetland recover quickly.Considering the growth and economic cost of the large S.palustre comprehensively,when restoring the large S.palustre wetland in the field,only one layer of shading net(shading rate 64%)is needed to achieve the best results.更多还原