海南岛土壤和气候条件对甘薯生产的影响

【作者】 刘健；

【导师】 娄运生；

【作者基本信息】 南京信息工程大学 ， 应用气象学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 甘薯是热带和亚热带地区广泛种植的作物,是重要的工业、饲养业原料,在大众科学饮食观增强的当下备受关注。目前海南岛甘薯产业存在品质不够稳定的突出问题,制约了产业发展。近年来,海南岛热带甘薯种植面积逐步增加,单产却存在下降现象。研究海南岛土壤和气候条件对甘薯生产的影响,对当地甘薯产业发展具有重要意义。通过采集海南岛澄迈甘薯田土样和植物样,分析营养品质和土壤养分,采用相关系数、多元线性回归等方法确定了甘薯营养品质稳定和优质的土壤条件。通过计算海南岛温度、光照、降水等气候适宜度,采用生态位适宜度模型计算土壤有机碳、密度、容重等土壤适宜度,采用竞争型人工神经网络,通过欧式距离法,综合土壤和气候资源,进行甘薯生产的生态适宜性划分。本文主要结论如下:(1)甘薯品质稳定优质的土壤条件海南岛澄迈供试甘薯田土壤中,壤土粘粒含量较少和砂粒含量较多,甘薯营养品质总变异系数最小;黏壤土粘粒和砂粒占比居于壤土和黏土间,甘薯营养品质总变异系数次小;黏土中粘粒和粉粒含量较多,砂粒含量较少,甘薯营养品质总变异系数最大。黏壤土甘薯直链淀粉主要受铵态氮影响且呈显著正相关关系,壤土甘薯直链淀粉主要受pH影响且呈显著负相关关系,黏土甘薯直链淀粉主要受有机质影响且呈显著负相关关系。黏壤土甘薯支链淀粉主要受铵态氮影响呈显著负相关关系。(2)甘薯生产的温度、光照、降水适宜度1951-2019年海南岛温度和光照适宜度呈下降趋势,降水适宜度呈上升趋势。温度适宜度空间分布度呈现北高南低的特征,大部分地区处于较高适宜度水平;光照适宜度呈现呈西南高、东北低分布,但绝大部分大于0.55,基本满足甘薯生产;降水适宜度呈中部和北部高,西部、南部、东部沿海低的环形分布,总体较适宜甘薯生产。研究区温度、光照、降水变异系数整体变化不大。温度变异系数介于0.14-0.22,光照变异系数介于0.54-0.84,降水变异系数介于3.00-5.96,能满足甘薯生产。生育期内,温度和光照较适宜甘薯生长发育,适宜度均值分别为0.72、0.71。降水能满足甘薯生长基本需求,适宜度均值为0.51。(3)甘薯生产的气候、土壤、生态适宜性1951-2018年效能指数和资源指数总体上呈下降趋势,农业气候资源利用率呈上升趋势。海南岛效能指数空间分布上呈中部山区和北部沿海高,南部沿海和西部沿海低的趋势,大部分地区大于0.82,气候资源较丰富;资源指数呈现出中部高东部低的分布趋势,大部分地区大于0.74,表明气候资源较丰富;海南土壤适宜性呈现北部、西部沿海高,中部、东部沿海低的分布趋势;生态适宜性分析表明,临高、儋州、澄迈、白沙、五指山、东方6个市县最适宜甘薯生产。生育期内,效能指数和资源指数平均值分别为0.78、0.86,表明气候资源处于较丰富到丰富,适宜甘薯生产。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sweet potato is a crop that is widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions.It is an important raw material for industry and animal husbandry.It has attracted much attention because public scientific dietary concept is enhanced.At present,the sweet potato industry has outstanding problems of insufficient quality,which restrict the development of the industry in Hainan island.In recent years,The tropical sweet potato planting area has gradually increased,but yield has declined in Hainan island.The influence of soil and climate on sweet potato production is of great significance to develop sweet potato industry in Hainan island.In this study,we collected sweet potato field soil samples and plant samples from Chengmai county,a main production area,in Hainan island,to analyze the nutritional quality and soil nutrients,and to determine the stable and high-quality soil condition for the sweet potato nutritional quality,with the methods of correlation coefficients,multiple linear regression,and Pearson’s significance test.The climate suitability of temperature,sunshine,precipitation were calculated.The niche suitability model was used to calculate the suitability of soil organic carbon,density,bulk density,etc.The competitive artificial neural network was used with the Euclidean distance method to integrate soil and climate resources,and to divide the ecological suitability.The main conclusions are listed as follows:(1)The quality of sweet potato in relation to soil conditionsIn this study,loam soil has the lower clay content and higher sand content,the total variation coefficient for nutritional quality in sweet potato is the smallest;the clay loam soil and the sand content are between the loam and clay soil.The sweet potato nutritional quality total variation coefficient is the second smallest;the clay soil and powder The grain content is the most,the sand grain content is the least,and the total variation coefficient of sweet potato nutritional quality is the largest.Sweet potato amylose in clay loam is mainly affected by ammonium nitrogen and has a significant positive correlation,loam sweet potato amylose is mainly affected by pH and has a significant negative correlation,clay sweet potato amylose is mainly affected by organic matter and has a significant negative correlation.The amylopectin of sweet potato in clay loam is mainly affected by ammonium nitrogen,showing a significant negative correlation.(2)Suitability of temperature,light and precipitation for sweet potato productionFrom 1951 to 2019,the temperature and light suitability of Hainan Island showed a downward trend,and the rainfall suitability showed an upward trend.The spatial distribution of temperature suitability is high in the north and low in the south,and most areas are at a relatively high suitability level;the light suitability is high in the southwest and low in the northeast,but most of them are greater than 0.55,which basically meets the requirements for sweet potato production;The degree is high in the central and northern regions,and low in the western,southern,and eastern coastal regions,and is generally more suitable for sweet potato production.The overall variation coefficients of temperature,light,and precipitation in the study area did not change much.The coefficient of variation of temperature is between0.14-0.22,the coefficient of variation of light is between 0.54-0.84,and the coefficient of variation of precipitation is between 3.00-5.96,which can satisfy the production of sweet potato.During the growth period,temperature and light are more suitable for the growth and development of sweet potato,and the average suitability is 0.72 and 0.71 respectively.Precipitation can meet the basic needs of sweet potato growth,and the average suitability is 0.51.(3)Climate,soil and ecological suitability of sweet potato productionFrom 1951 to 2018,the efficiency index and resource index showed a downward trend,and the utilization rate of agricultural climate resources showed an upward trend.The spatial distribution of the efficiency index of Hainan Island shows a trend of high in the northern coast of the central mountainous area,and low in the southern coast of the western coast.Most areas are greater than 0.82,and the climate resources are abundant;the resource index shows a trend of high in the middle and low in the east,with most areas greater than 0.74,Indicating that the climate resources are abundant;Hainan’s soil suitability is higher in the northern and western coastal areas and low in the central and eastern coastal areas;ecological suitability analysis shows that there are6 cities and counties in Lingao,Danzhou,Chengmai,Baisha,Wuzhishan and Dongfang.Most suitable for sweet potato production.During the growth period,the average values of the efficiency index and the resource index were 0.78 and 0.86,respectively,indicating that the climate resources were relatively abundant to abundant and suitable for sweet potato production.更多还原