【作者】 王亮；

【导师】 袁媛；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 工程（材料工程）（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 结冰现象在我们日常生活中十分常见,当覆冰严重时,会影响到我们的正常生活,甚至会造成重大的财产损失和威胁人们的生命安全。在航空领域,飞机表面的覆冰会对飞行安全造成很大的影响,而飞行安全与人们的生命财产紧密相连,因此研究有效的飞机防/除冰方法有着重大意义。当前飞机解决覆冰的方法主要分为飞机除冰技术和飞机防冰技术,其中基于材料表面功能化的涂层防冰是一种极具潜力的防冰技术。涂层防冰中研究最多的是超疏水防冰,但这种防冰方法在低温高湿下由于水蒸气会进入空气气隙凝结,导致防冰失效。后有学者提出超润滑防冰的概念,这种表面很好的弥补了超疏水的防冰缺陷且很大程度上降低了冰与表面的粘附强度,但超润滑表面的防覆冰持久性仍需进一步提升,且超润滑表面在飞机防冰领域还尚未有所研究。本文通过阳极氧化技术在7075铝合金表面构筑多孔结构并通过润滑剂浸渍制备出超润滑防覆冰表面,并通过冰粘附强度测量获得了最优的工艺参数和配方;重点研究了铝合金超润滑表面在雨凇条件下的防覆冰性能及其影响因素(温度、倾斜角度和雨滴大小);最后,研究了铝合金超润滑表面的防覆冰持久性和自修复性。主要研究结论如下:(1)获得了通过阳极氧化技术构筑多孔结构和甲基硅油浸渍制备7075铝合金超润滑防覆冰表面最优的工艺参数和配方。通过不同阳极氧化参数(电流、电解液浓度和氧化时间)在铝合金表面构筑出不同的多孔结构,并通过不同粘度(0～200 m Pa·s)的甲基硅油浸渍获得铝合金超润滑表面,优选出冰粘附强度最低的超润滑表面制备配方与工艺:阳极氧化参数为电流密度0.025A/cm~2、电解液浓度0.3mol/L的磷酸、氧化时间10min和浸渍润滑剂粘度为50m Pa·s的甲基硅油制备的铝合金超润滑防冰表面,冰粘度强度为6k Pa,仅为原始样品的2.3%。(2)通过对铝合金超润滑表面在静态和雨凇条件下的覆冰试验研究,获得了超润滑表面的防覆冰性能结果。在-5℃和-10℃的静态条件下,铝合金超润滑表面可以有效的将过冷水滴在表面结冰的时间分别延迟到5700s和4830s,且有效的延迟了结霜时间(3000s),即使在表面完全结霜后铝合金超润滑表面的冰粘附强度仍低至8k Pa,而空白样品与未浸渍润滑剂的超疏水样品在表面结霜后冰粘附强度大幅增大。雨凇条件下,在不同因素(温度、倾斜角度和雨滴直径大小)影响下覆冰后,铝合金超润滑表面在覆冰形貌和覆冰重量上都表现出优异的防覆冰性能。(3)通过研究不同损伤因素(结冰/融冰循环、砂纸磨损、腐蚀和室外暴露)对超润滑表面的影响,获得了铝合金超润滑表面的防覆冰持久性和自修复规律。在防覆冰持久性上,铝合金超润滑表面经受大约45次的结冰/融冰循环和35次的砂纸磨损,且经腐蚀和室外暴露30天后,冰粘附强度仍低于100k Pa,表现出优异的防覆冰持久性能。铝合金超润滑表面被损伤后,冰粘附强度增大,经自修复后冰粘附强度明显降低。在经过5-6次的自修复过后,铝合金超润滑表面可以重复上百次的结冰/融冰和砂纸磨损,且冰粘附强度保持在100k Pa以下,表现出优异的防覆冰自修复性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Icing is a very common phenomenon in nature,but serious icing will cause great trouble to people’s daily life,and even cause great property losses and threaten people’s lives.In the field of aviation,the icing on the surface of aircraft will have a great impact on flight safety,and flight safety is closely related to people’s lives and property.Therefore,it is of great significance to study effective aircraft anti icing methods.At present,the methods of aircraft anti icing are mainly divided into aircraft deicing technology and aircraft anti icing technology.The coating anti-icing technology based on material surface functionalization is a potential anti-icing technology.Superhydrophobic anti-icing is widely studied in coating anti icing,but this anti-icing method is ineffective because water vapor will condense into the air gap at low temperature and high humidity.Later,some scholars put forward the concept of slippery liquid-infused porous surface,which makes up for the superhydrophobic anti-icing defects and greatly reduces the adhesion strength between ice and surface,but the anti-icing durability of super lubricating surface needs to be improved,and the anti-icing of slippery liquid-infused porous surface on 7075 aluminum alloy has not been studied.In this paper,porous structure was constructed on the surface of 7075 aluminum alloy by anodic oxidation technology,and the slippery liquid-infused porous anti-icing surface was prepared by impregnation with lubricant.The optimal process parameters and formula were obtained by measuring the ice adhesion strength.The anti-icing performance of aluminum alloy slippery liquid-infused porous surface under glaze condition and its influencing factors(temperature,inclination angle and raindrop size)were studied.Finally,the anti-icing durability and self-healing of the slippery liquid-infused porous surface of aluminum alloy were studied.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The optimum process parameters and formulation for the preparation of 7075aluminum alloy slippery liquid-infused porous anti-icing surface by anodic oxidation and methyl silicone oil impregnation were obtained.Different porous structures were constructed on the surface of aluminum alloy by different anodization parameters(current,electrolyte concentration and oxidation time),and the slippery liquid-infused porous surface of aluminum alloy was obtained by impregnation of methyl silicone oil with different viscosity(0～200 m Pa·s).The preparation formula and process of the slippery liquid-infused porous surface with the lowest ice adhesion strength were optimized:the anodization parameters were current density of 0.025A/cm~2,electrolyte concentration of 0.3 mol/L,oxidation time of 10 min and methyl silicone oil with lubricant viscosity of 50m Pa·s,and the results show that the strength of ice is 6kpa,which is only 2.3%of the original sample.(2)The anti-icing performance of the slippery liquid-infused porous surface of aluminum alloy under static and glaze conditions was studied.Under the static conditions of-5℃and-10℃,the freezing time of supercooled water drops on the surface can be effectively delayed to 5700s and 4830s respectively,and the frosting time(3000s)can be effectively delayed.Even after the surface is completely frosted,the ice adhesion strength of the aluminum alloy slippery liquid-infused porous surface is still as low as 8KPa,However,the ice adhesion strength of the blank sample and the superhydrophobic sample without lubricant increased significantly after frosting.Under the condition of glaze,under the influence of different factors(temperature,inclination angle and raindrop diameter),aluminum alloy slippery liquid-infused porous surface shows excellent anti icing performance in icing morphology and icing weight.(3)By studying the effects of different damage factors(icing/deicing cycle,sandpaper wear,corrosion and outdoor exposure)on the slippery liquid-infused porous surface,the anti-icing durability and self-healing law of aluminum alloy super lubricated surface were obtained.In terms of anti-icing durability,the super lubricated surface of aluminum alloy undergoes about 45 cycles of icing/deicing and 35 times of sandpaper wear,and after 30 days of corrosion and outdoor exposure,the ice adhesion strength is still lower than 100 k Pa,showing excellent anti icing durability.The results show that the ice adhesion strength increases when the super lubricated surface of aluminum alloy is damaged,but decreases after self-repairing.After 5-6 times of self-healing,the super lubricated surface of aluminum alloy can repeat hundreds of times of icing/deicing and sandpaper wear,and the ice adhesion strength remains below 100KPA,showing excellent anti icing self-healing performance.更多还原