【作者】 李烨；

【导师】 张海滨；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 建筑学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国城乡建设的快速推进,城乡住宅的建设规模日益扩大,对建筑能源的需求也与日俱增。趋于匮乏的自然能源和超高的建筑耗现状,给我国的节能工作带来了严峻考验。特别是在我国农村地区,在新农村建设背景下,房屋建设量剧增,但与之相关的节能技术却没能跟上。与此同时,农村住宅室内热环境状况也不佳,“夏热冬冷”的感觉是居民生活的真实写照。尽管空调等主动式设备被大量的用于农村地区,但其带来的高额的建筑能耗也是有目共睹。加之农村地区受到经济条件制约,对空调等主动式设备的使用频率要低于城市,这注定了农村住宅的用能、节能方式要显著区别于城市。倘若能够采取廉价可行的技术满足农村住宅对建筑能源的需求、改善农村室内热环境及舒适度,那么我国的节能建设将会收获比较理想的效果。被动式烟囱通风技术与主动式地热换热冷却技术,不仅可以带来良好的夏季室内热舒适度,还可以有效降低能耗。本文基于课题组近些年来在西南农村地区的相关研究,首先在国际能源危机、追求室内热舒适等的大背景下,阐述了农村住宅节能的重要意义,同时指出现有相关技术、规范缺少对农村地区的研究,说明了农村节能设计的必要性和紧迫性。紧接着对住宅建筑中广泛应用的太阳能烟囱技术和地热换热技术的应用现状和特点进行分析,基于前人关于两项技术的大量研究,指出将两项技术相结合在夏热冬冷地区应用的可行性猜测。之后,基于Matlab平台,通过“牛顿下山”等数学分析方法,对单个应用太阳能烟囱和地热换热复合系统的功能空间进行求解计算,探究技术结合在理论上的可行性,并通过对比前人研究结果对本系统进行可靠性验证。与此同时,选择重庆农村住宅为调研对象,从当地的地理、气候特征着手,通过实地调研,总结居民日常生活方式、需求、以及建筑形态、材料、构造形式等,对房屋设计参数进行阈值确定,并遴选出适用于复合系统的平面户型;后续对比了国内住宅的相关节能规范,提出满足室内热舒适需求的相关标准。最后提取了重庆农村典型住宅的房间模型,并设计相应复合系统,根据Matlab平台进行静态的数值计算。接着选用Design Builder模拟软件对应用了复合式太阳能烟囱和地热换热系统的房间进行动态模拟分析,分别以住宅平面形式、窗墙比、墙体构造及材料、布局方式等为研究点,探讨其对复合系统性能定量化的影响,给出有利于建筑节能和获得室内热舒适的各项设计参数的取值等。最后,对比了某一同等条件下Design Builder软件的模拟结果与Matlab的计算数值,证明了数值计算和软件模拟结果的一致性。进而就重庆市的实际建设背景,为西南地区农村的建筑设计或建筑改造提供理论依据,促进建筑技术与建筑设计的有效结合和发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the China’ urban and rural construction progresses,the scale of urban and rural housing construction is expanding,and the demand for building energy is also increasing.Natural energy that tends to be scarce and the high consumption of buildings have brought severe challenges to our country’s energy conservation work.Especially in my country’s rural areas,under the background of new rural construction,the amount of housing construction has increased sharply,but the energy-saving technologies related to it have not been able to keep up.At the same time,the indoor thermal environment of rural houses has a poor performance.The feeling of "hot summer and cold winter" is a true portrayal of residents’ lives.Although active equipment such as air conditioners are widely used in rural areas,the high building energy consumption they bring is obvious to all.In addition,rural areas are restricted by economic conditions,and the frequency of use of active equipment such as air conditioners is lower than that in cities,and it is destined that the energy consumption and energy-saving methods of rural residential buildings are obviously different from those in urban areas due to regional economic and technological constraints.If cheap and feasible technologies can be adopted to fill up farmers’ demand for building energy,and to improve the rural indoor thermal environment and comfort,China’s energy-saving construction business will achieve ideal results.Since the 1970s,research on two potential technologies,solar chimneys and geothermal heat transfer has developed rapidly.The combination of passive chimney ventilation technology and active geothermal heat exchange and cooling technology can not only bring excellent indoor thermal comfort in summer,but effectively reduce energy consumption.This article based on the research group’s research in the rural areas of Southwest China in recent years,first,according to the background of the global energy crisis and the pursuit of indoor thermal comfort,it elaborated the importance of energy conservation in rural residential buildings.At the same time,it points out that the existing related technologies and regulations lack research on rural areas,which explains the necessity and urgency of rural energy-saving design.Immediately after analyzing the application status and characteristics of solar chimney technology and geothermal heat transfer technology widely used in residential buildings,based on a large number of previous studies on the two technologies,it is pointed out that the two technologies should be combined in hot summer and cold winter areas,and the feasibility of combining the two technologies in hot summer and cold winter areas.After that,based on the Matlab platform,through mathematical analysis methods such as "Newton Downhill",the functional space of a single application of solar chimney and geothermal heat exchange composite system was solved and calculated,and the theoretical feasibility of technology combination was explored,the reliability of the system is verified by comparing the results of previous studies.Subsequently,surveys were carried out on rural houses around Chongqing in southwestern China.Starting from the local geographical and climatic characteristics,through field investigations,summarizing the residents’ daily life styles,needs,as well as building forms,materials,and structural forms,etc.And the design parameters of the investigation were carried out,the threshold is determined,and the flat apartment types suitable for the composite system are selected;At the same time,the relevant energysaving codes of domestic residential buildings were compared,and the relevant evaluation standards that meet the indoor thermal comfort requirements were pointed out.Finally,a single room model of a typical Chongqing rural residence was extracted,and the corresponding composite system parameters were designed,and static numerical calculations were performed on the Matlab platform.Then Choose Design Builder simulation software to perform dynamic simulation analysis on the room where the composite solar chimney and geothermal heat exchange system are applied.The research points are respectively based on the residential plan form,window-to-wall ratio,wall structure and materials,and layout methods.Discussed its influence on the quantification of the performance of the composite system,and gave the values of various design parameters that are conducive to building energy saving and obtaining indoor thermal comfort.Finally,a comparison is made between the simulation results of Design Builder software and the calculated values of Matlab under a certain same condition,which explained the difference and connection between the two,and proved the consistency of the numerical calculation and the software simulation results.Furthermore,with reference to the actual construction background of Chongqing,it provided a theoretical basis for the architectural design or architectural transformation of rural areas in the southwest region,and promoted the effective combination and development of architectural technology and architectural design.更多还原