【作者】 李朝阳；

【导师】 王滨；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 应用心理学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 认知偏向指以有利于某种情感价值或意义的方式对情绪信息进行处理的倾向,在抑郁症的认知理论中,认知偏向被认为是心境障碍发生和持续的部分原因。尽管大量的研究检验了抑郁症与认知偏向之间的关系,但多数只针对认知加工的某一阶段或单一的认知材料进行。本研究共通过两个实验,探究认知偏向间的联系及相互作用,实验一采用2(组别:抑郁倾向组,对照组)×2(加工条件:CTOA=1550ms,CTOA=300ms)×2(提示线索:有效线索,无效线索)×3(情绪词效价:积极,中性,消极)混合实验设计,通过线索-靶子范式及再认任务,以情绪词汇为研究材料,考察了抑郁倾向大学生注意偏向与记忆偏向特点及一致性;实验二采用2(组别:抑郁倾向组,对照组)×2(加工条件:CTOA=1550ms,CTOA=300ms)×2(提示线索:有效线索,无效线索)×3(情绪面孔效价:积极,中性,消极)混合实验设计,通过线索-靶子范式及再认任务,以情绪面孔为研究材料,考察了抑郁倾向大学生注意偏向与记忆偏向特点及一致性。实验一结果表明:首先,相对于正常对照组,抑郁倾向组未表现出对于消极情绪词汇的注意偏向,但是在长CTOA条件下表现出对积极情绪词汇的注意缺失;其次,抑郁倾向组对于消极情绪词汇的再认成绩与正常对照组未出现明显差异,但是对于积极情绪词汇的记忆存在障碍;最后,抑郁倾向组在短CTOA条件下对于消极情绪词汇与积极情绪词汇的注意偏向与记忆偏向都存在显著相关性。实验二结果表明:首先,相对于正常对照组,抑郁倾向组未表现出对于消极情绪面孔的注意偏向,但是在短CTOA条件下对于消极情绪面孔的反应时间显著大于中性情绪面孔;其次,相对于正常对照组,抑郁倾向组对于积极情绪面孔的再认成绩显著低于对消极情绪面孔的再认成绩;最后,抑郁倾向组对于消极情绪面孔的注意偏向与记忆偏向无显著相关性,但是正常对照组在短CTOA条件下对于积极情绪面孔的注意偏向与记忆偏向显著相关。综合以上结果,本研究得出以下结论:(1)相比于正常对照组大学生,抑郁倾向大学生对消极信息不存在注意偏向,但是对积极信息的注意偏向能力不足;(2)相比于正常对照组大学生,抑郁倾向大学生对消极信息不存在记忆偏向,但是对积极信息的记忆功能受损;(3)抑郁倾向大学生对消极情绪词汇的注意偏向与记忆偏向存在一致性,而对消极情绪面孔的注意偏向与记忆偏向不存在一致性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cognitive biases refer to a tendency to process emotional information so as to favor certain types of emotional valence or meaning,in the cognitive theory of depression,cognitive bias is considered to be part of the reason for the occurrence and maintenance of mood disorders.Although a large number of studies have examined the relationship between depression and cognitive bias,most have focused only on a certain stage of cognitive processing or on a single cognitive material.Through two experiments in this study,to explore the relationship between cognitive bias and its interaction,the experimental one with 2(group:depression group,control group)x 2(processing conditions: CTOA = 1550 ms,CTOA = 300 ms)x 2(cue validity: valid,invalid)x 3(cue valence: positive,neutral,negative)mixed experimental design,through the cue-target paradigm and recognition tasks,by the emotional vocabulary as the research material,examines the university students with inclination to depression attention bias and memory bias characteristics and coherence;Experiment two with 2(group: depression group,control group)x 2(processing conditions: CTOA = 1550 ms,CTOA = 300 ms)x 2(cue validity: valid,invalid)x 3(cue valence: positive,neutral,negative)mixed experimental design,through the cue-target paradigm and recognition tasks,by the emotional faces as the research material,examines the university students with inclination to depression attention bias and memory bias characteristics and coherence.In experiment 1,compared with the control group,the depressive group did not show an attentional bias towards negative emotion words,but showed an attentional deficit towards positive emotion words under the condition of long CTOA.Secondly,there was no significant difference between the depressive group and the control group in the recognition of negative emotion words,but there was a difficulty in the memory of positive emotion words.Finally,the attentional bias and memory bias of negative and positive emotion words were significantly correlated in the depressive group under the condition of short CTOA.In experiment 2,compared with the control group,the depressive group showed no attentional bias to the negative emotional faces,but the response time to the negative emotional faces was significantly longer than the neutral emotional faces under the short CTOA condition.Secondly,compared with the control group,the recognition performance of the positive emotion faces was significantly lower in the depressive group than that of the negative emotion faces.Finally,there was no significant correlation between attentional bias and memory bias for negative emotional faces in the depressive group,but there was a significant correlation between attentional bias and memory bias for positive emotional faces in the control group under the condition of short CTOA.Based on the above results,this study draws the following conclusions:(1)Compared with control group,university students with depression tendency did not have attentional bias to negative information,but the ability of attention bias to positive information is insufficient;(2)Compared with the control group,university students with depression tendency did not have memory bias for negative information,but the memory function of positive information is impaired;(3)The attentional bias and memory bias of university students with depression tendency for negative emotional words were coherence,but the attentional bias and memory bias for negative emotional faces were not coherence;更多还原