【作者】 张弘；

【导师】 翟成；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 安全工程（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 煤与瓦斯突出是煤矿最严重灾害之一,掘进端面附近弹性能的积聚和突然释放是导致突出发生的主要原因,煤层深部积聚的瓦斯内能为煤与瓦斯突出提供了能量。研究表明,地应力和煤层瓦斯压力决定突出能量的大小,煤层物理力学性质决定了煤体能否抵挡能量的冲击,针对两种影响机制提出了区域卸压技术和煤层加固技术,有效提升了掘进过程中的防突效果。针对首山一矿突出煤层煤巷掘进突出危险性大、不易控制的技术难题,本文提出注浆加固与水力冲孔强弱耦合防突技术。该技术通过水力冲孔进行区域卸压,形成弱化区,隔断、吸收传向掘进端面的突出能量,向拟掘进煤巷区域进行注浆加固形成强化区,抵抗残余能量。本文采用理论、实验及现场应用相结合的分析方法,探究了强弱耦合防突结构能量转移机理,不同强弱结构试样声发射及力学特性演化规律,强弱耦合结构全场实时变形破裂规律,并通过现场实验验证了强弱耦合防突结构的有效性。从煤与瓦斯突出机理入手,阐述了突出能量沿强弱耦合结构的耗散、转移过程,结合首山一矿的地质特征和生产需要,利用FLAC3D软件对首山一矿强弱耦合防突模型进行了数值模拟,结果显示强弱耦合模型巷道两帮应力峰值降低了12.85%,最大位移降低了42.1%,证明了强弱耦合模型的防突有效性,为首山一矿现场施工提供了理论支撑。对不同强弱耦合结构试样声发射及力学特性演化规律进行了研究,分析了不同强弱耦合结构试样在单轴压缩过程中的物性变化、AE特征演化及裂隙发展规律。结果表明,强结构强度系数越大,试样能够储存的应变能越多,自承载能力越大,最大AE能量值越大;弱结构强度系数越小,产生的裂隙越多,变形越明显,累计AE事件数量越多。采用VIC-3D非接触式全场应变测量系统对强弱耦合结构试样局部破坏和全场实时破坏过程进行了完整记录,并进行了定性与定量分析。结果表明,强结构的水平应变仅为弱结构的12.9%,垂直应变为弱结构的38.14%,弱结构变形破裂程度远大于强结构,弱结构的存在保护了强结构。在首山一矿进行了“水力冲孔瓦斯抽采+穿层注浆加固”强弱耦合防突工业性实验,试验段总长度380m,对强弱耦合防突技术工程实践关键参数演化规律进行分析,建立了强弱耦合防突技术现场效果评价体系,证明了强弱耦合防突技术可以消除煤与瓦斯突出风险,提高煤巷掘进速度,实现安全生产。该论文有图66幅,表13张,参考文献107篇。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal and gas outburst is one of the most serious disasters in coal mines.The accumulation and sudden release of elastic energy near the heading end is the main cause of the outburst.The gas internal energy accumulated in the deep part of the coal seam provides energy for coal and gas outburst.Gas pressure and ground stress determine the scale of outburst energy,and the physical and mechanical properties of coal seams determine whether the coal body can resist energy shocks.In view of the above two influence mechanisms,regional pressure relief technology and coal seam reinforcement technology are proposed,which effectively improves the tunneling The anti-outburst effect in the process.In order to solve the problem that the coal seam outburst of Shoushan No.1 Mine is dangerous and difficult to control,this paper proposes the anti-outburst technology of "strong-weak coupling" through-layer grouting reinforcement and hydraulic punching.This technology uses hydraulic punching and enhanced gas drainage to relieve regional pressure,forming a weakened zone,blocking and absorbing the outburst energy transmitted to the tunneling end face,and grouting reinforcement to the coal roadway area to be excavated to form a strengthened zone to resist residual energy.In this paper,three analysis methods: theory,experiment and field are used to study the energy transmission process of strong and weak structures,the mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of samples with different strong and weak structures.he real-time failure process of strong and weak coupling structures,and through The experiment verifies the effectiveness of the strong-weak coupling antioutburst structure.Research on the mechanism of coal and gas outburst,explaining how energy is dissipated during the transfer process between structures,combined with the geological characteristics and production needs of Shoushan No.1 Mine,the FLAC3 D software is used to control the outburst prevention model of Shoushan No.1 Mine with strong and weak coupling.Numerical simulation results show that the peak stress of the two sides of the strong-weak coupling model roadway is reduced by 12.85%,and the maximum displacement is reduced by 42.1%,which proves the effectiveness of the strong-weak coupling model for outburst prevention and provides theoretical support for the construction of the Shoushan No.1 Mine.Study the mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of samples with different strong and weak coupling structures,and the physical property changes,AE characteristics evolution and crack development laws of samples with different strong and weak coupling structures during uniaxial compression are analyzed.The results show that the larger the strength factor of the strong structure,the more strain energy the specimen can store,the greater the self-carrying capacity,and the larger the maximum AE energy value;the smaller the strength factor of the weak structure,the more cracks and more obvious the deformation.The cumulative number of AE events is more.The VIC-3D non-contact full-field strain measurement system was used to fully record the local failure of the strong-weak coupling structure sample and the full-field real-time failure process,and carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis.The results show that the horizontal strain of the strong structure is only 12.9% of that of the weak structure,and the vertical strain is 38.14%.The damage degree of the weak structure is far greater than that of the strong structure.The existence of the weak structure protects the strong structure.The strong-weak coupling anti-outburst industrial experiment of "hydraulic punching gas drainage + through-layer grouting reinforcement" was carried out in Shoushan No.1 Mine.The total length of the test section was 380 m.The evolution of key parameters of the strong-weak coupling anti-outburst technology engineering practice The analysis and establishment of a strong-weak coupling anti-outburst technology on-site effect evaluation system proves that the strong-weak coupling antioutburst technology can eliminate the risk of coal and gas outbursts,increase the speed of coal tunnel excavation,and achieve safe production.更多还原