【作者】 陈娜；

【导师】 曹贵康；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 应用心理（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 大量研究发现,有氧运动不仅能促进人们的生理功能,而且对心理功能的各方面也都有积极影响。比如能降低血压血脂,改善肌肉骨骼和心肺功能,提高注意力、记忆力以及改善认知功能等。运动对创造性思维影响的研究也在近些年得到关注,不过,现有研究得出的结论并不完全一致。一些研究发现某些形式、强度的有氧运动可以促进创造性思维,另一些研究则没有发现这样的效应。这可能与创造性思维本身的复杂性以及有氧运动种类的多样性有关。此外,现有研究大多数选择的运动方式是跑步、单车、舞蹈等中等强度的有氧运动,采用低强度有氧运动(比如步行)的研究则少之又少。研究表明,低强度步行激活的部分脑区,在创造性思维中可能起着基础性的作用,因此,可以推测:步行与创造性思维之间可能存在关系,即通过步行,能更好的促进个体的创造性思维。这已经得到一些研究的支持。不过,鉴于现有研究中涉及的各种运动(包括步行)都包含复杂的肢体活动,且相关研究也发现肢体姿势及动作模式对各种心理功能存在复杂的影响,因此运动对创造性思维影响机制还有待进一步细致的探索。本研究拟选择低强度步行,通过两个实验来探索步行对创造性思维的影响及其机制。研究一旨在检验步行对创造性思维的影响,一共招募了75名在校大学生。将被试随机分为步行组(37人)和静站组(38人)。其中,静站组只是站在跑步机上,实验过程中不走动,到实验室后,被试首先依次完成运动习惯问卷、威廉姆斯创造性倾向测试、大五人格量表。然后进入3分钟的准备阶段,准备阶段会对被试的步行习惯进行一个简单的访谈。之后引导被试在静站的状态下,完成创造性思维测试。步行组的被试完成量表的内容与顺序同静站组,之后在3分钟的准备阶段会将跑步机调到被试自然走路的速度,其访谈的问题与静站组一致,最后在跑步机上自然走路的过程中完成创造性思维测试,静站组和步行组的创造性思维结果均用录音记录。结果显示,步行组创造性思维的流畅性、灵活性及总分均显著高于静站组。该结果验证了我们的假设。研究二在研究一的基础上,探索步行时的肢体动作对创造性思维的影响。实验一共招募了111名在校大学生。随机分为对照组(37人)、单摆手组(35人)和单迈腿组(39人)。对照组只是站在跑步机上,程序及测试内容同研究一静站组。单摆手组的被试依次完成运动习惯问卷、大五人格量表和威廉姆斯创造性倾向测试后,在3分钟的准备阶段进行访谈,访谈的问题与对照组一致,之后在跑步机上脚不动,自然摆手的过程中完成创造性思维测试。单迈腿组完成与前两组同类型的测试任务后,进入3分钟的准备阶段:将跑步机调到被试自然走路的速度,其访谈的问题同其他两组,之后在跑步机上将手自然垂放在身体两侧,只迈腿走动的过程中完成创造性思维测试,三个组的创造性思维测试结果均用录音记录。结果显示,三个组在创造性思维各维度的得分及总分均不存在差异。通过以上两个实验,我们发现低强度步行对创造性思维有积极影响,仅自然步行状态下创造性思维任务的表现更好,显示自然步行时的肢体状态本身是影响创造性思维的重要因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 A large number of studies have found that aerobic exercise can not only promote people’s physiological functions,but also have a positive impact on all aspects of psychological functions.For example,it can lower blood pressure and blood lipids,improve musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary function,improve concentration,memory,and improve cognitive function.Research on the impact of sports on creative thinking has also received attention in recent years,but the conclusions drawn by existing studies are not entirely consistent.Some studies have found that certain forms and intensities of aerobic exercise can promote creative thinking,while other studies have not found such effects.This may be related to the complexity of creative thinking itself and the diversity of aerobic exercise types.In addition,most of the existing researches choose moderate-intensity aerobic exercises such as running,cycling,and dancing,while studies using low-intensity aerobic exercises(such as walking)are rare.Studies have shown that some brain areas activated by low-intensity walking may play a fundamental role in creative thinking.Therefore,it can be inferred that there may be a relationship between walking and creative thinking,that is,walking can better promote individual Creative thinking.This has been supported by some research.However,given that various exercises(including walking)involved in existing research involve complex physical activities,and related studies have also found that physical postures and movement patterns have complex effects on various mental functions,the mechanism of exercise’s influence on creative thinking It needs to be further explored in detail.This research intends to choose low-intensity walking and explore the influence of walking on creative thinking and its mechanism through two experiments.The first study was designed to examine the impact of walking on creative thinking.A total of 75 college students were recruited.The subjects were randomly divided into walking group(37)and quiet station group(38).Among them,the static station group just stood on the treadmill and did not move during the experiment.After arriving in the laboratory,the subjects first completed the exercise habits questionnaire,the Williams creative tendency test,and the Big Five personality scale in sequence.Then enter the 3-minute preparatory phase,in which a simple interview will be conducted on the subjects’ walking habits.Afterwards,the subjects were guided to complete the creative thinking test in the state of standing still.Participants in the walking group completed the scale in the same order as the static station group.After that,the treadmill was adjusted to the participant’s natural walking speed during the 3-minute preparation phase.The interview questions were the same as those in the static station group.The creative thinking test was completed during the natural walking on the plane,and the creative thinking results of the static station group and the walking group were recorded with audio recordings.The results showed that the fluency,flexibility and total score of creative thinking in the walking group were significantly higher than those in the static standing group.The result verified our hypothesis.Study two is based on study one,exploring the influence of body movements during walking on creative thinking.A total of 111 college students were recruited for the experiment.They were randomly divided into control group(37),single wave hand group(35)and single leg group(39).The control group just stood on the treadmill,and the procedures and test contents were the same as those in the study-stationary group.Participants in the one-hand wave group completed the exercise habits questionnaire,the Big Five Personality Scale,and the Williams Creative Tendency Test in sequence.They were interviewed during the 3-minute preparation stage.The interview questions were the same as those of the control group,and then they were still on the treadmill,Complete the creative thinking test during the natural wave of hands.After the single-legged group completed the same type of test task as the first two groups,they entered the 3-minute preparation stage: the treadmill was adjusted to the subject’s natural walking speed,and the interview questions were the same as those of the other two groups,and then the hands were placed on the treadmill.The creative thinking test was completed while hanging naturally on both sides of the body and walking with only legs.The creative thinking test results of the three groups were recorded by recording.The results showed that there was no difference in the scores and total scores of the three groups in each dimension of creative thinking.Through the above two experiments,we found that low-intensity walking has a positive effect on creative thinking,and the performance of creative thinking tasks is better only in the state of natural walking,showing that the physical state of natural walking itself is an important factor affecting creative thinking.更多还原