【作者】 刘静；

【导师】 王树森； 宋丹；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 林业硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以巴彦淖尔市常见的17种植物为研究对象,对植物的观赏特征、耐旱性及适应性进行观测、实验、调查和收集等,利用层次分析法(AHP)构建植物观赏性评价及景观价值评价综合模型,并运用评价模型对该地区植物的景观价值进行综合评价。根据植物自身的生物学特点和生态学特征,与实地观测法、室内植物解剖结构实验相结合,对其物候期、观赏特征、适应性等进行综合评价,以期为巴彦淖尔市地区植物资源的筛选提供科学理论指导。主要研究结果如下:(1)物候图谱是植物观赏期最直观的表达方法,运用甘特图功能绘制了17种植物物候图谱,系统的研究分析了巴彦淖尔市地区17种植物的物候信息,将为本地区园林植物研究提供直观、便捷的参考;利用层次分析法(AHP)对17种植物进行评价,根据观赏性评价将观赏性分为3等级,其中黄刺玫Rosa xanthina(4.24)、红瑞木Cornus alba(4.11)、连翘Forsythia suspense(4.09)和玫瑰Rosa rugosa(4.01)这4种观赏价值最高,等级为Ⅰ。(2)以巴彦淖尔市地区的17种植物为研究对象,通过震动切片技术,使用光学显微镜对比不同植物叶片厚度、角质层厚度、表皮厚度等及茎直径、表皮层厚度、厚角层厚度等解剖结构指标,并选择一些具有抗旱性的指标,用隶属函数对各植物的抗旱性进行分析与评价,为该地区植物的耐旱性进行准确的评估,研究结果显示:17种植物中耐旱能力较强的5种植物是:旱榆Ulmus glaucescens(0.5749)、沙冬青Ammopiptanthus mongolicus(0.5099)、柽柳Tamarix chinensis(0.4754)、霸王Zgyophyllum xanthoxylom(0.4903)、小叶锦鸡儿Buxus sinica var.parvifolia(0.4004);(3)景观价值评价是将观赏性与适应性相结合,根据景观价值评价可将观赏性等级分为3个,等级为Ⅰ的观赏价值最高,共1种植物黄刺玫Rosa xanthina(4.01);等级为Ⅱ的观赏价值较高的,共计11种植物,有紫穗槐Amorpha fruticosa(3.80)、紫叶小檗Berberis thunbergii(3.76)、蒙古扁桃Amygdalus mongolica(3.74)、沙冬青Ammopiptanthus mongolicus(3.67)、柽柳Tamarix chinensis(3.56)、土庄绣线菊Spiraea pubescens(3.37)、榆叶梅Amygdalus triloba(3.22)、连翘Forsythia suspense(3.08)、玫瑰Rosa rugosa(3.07)、旱榆Ulmus glaucescens(3.02)、霸王Zgyophyllum xanthoxylom(3.00);等级为Ⅲ的观赏价值一般的,共5种植物,有小叶锦鸡儿Buxus sinica var.parvifolia(2.90)、酸枣Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa(2.76)、红瑞木Cornus alba(2.58)、华北珍珠梅Sorbaria kirilowii(2.57)、小叶黄杨Buxus sinica var.parvifolia(2.54)。综上所述,通过对植观赏特性、耐旱特性及物候特征等因子的研究,可以充分考虑地区的特性、适应性及其他特征下,才能正确筛选出景观价值好的植物,以期为巴彦淖尔市地区园林植物的选择提供理论依据和方法指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this thesis,17 kinds of common plants in Bayannaoer City were taken as the research object,and the ornamental characteristics,drought tolerance and adaptability of plants were observed,tested,investigated and collected.The comprehensive evaluation model of ornamental plants and landscape value was constructed by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP),and the landscape value of plants in this area was comprehensively evaluated by using the evaluation model.According to the biological and ecological characteristics of plants,combined with field observation and indoor plant anatomical structure experiment,the phenological period,ornamental characteristics and adaptability of plants were comprehensively evaluated,so as to provide scientific theoretical guidance for the selection of plant resources in Bayannaoer City.The main results are as follows:(1)The Phenological map is the most intuitive expression method of plant ornamental period.17 kinds of plant ornamental phenological maps were drawn by using the function of Gantt map.The phenological information of 17 kinds of plants in Bayannaoer City was systematically studied and analyzed,which will provide intuitive and convenient reference for the study of local garden plants;The 17 species of plants were evaluated by analytic hierarchy process(AHP).According to the evaluation of ornamental value,they were divided into three grades.Rosa xanthina(4.24),Cornus alba(4.11),Forsythia suspense(4.09)and Rosa rugosa(4.01)had the highest ornamental value and the grade was I;(2)In this thesis,17 species of plants in Bayannaoer City were selected as the research objects.Through vibration sectioning technology,the anatomical structure indexes of leaf thickness,cuticle thickness,epidermis thickness,stem diameter,cuticle thickness and pachycera thickness of different plants were compared by light microscope,and some drought resistant indexes were selected,The results showed that five of the 17 plants with strong drought tolerance were Ulmus pumila(0.5749),Ammopiptanthus mongolicus(0.5099),Tamarix chinensis(0.4754),Zgyophyllum xanthoxylom(0.4903)and Buxus sinica var.parvifolia(0.4004);(3)According to the evaluation of landscape value,the ornamental grade can be divided into three grades.The ornamental value of grade I is the highest,and there is one plant Rosa xanthina(4.01);There are 11 species of plants with high ornamental value in grade II,including Amorpha fruticosa(3.80),Berberis thunbergii(3.76),Amygdalus mongolica(3.74),Ammopiptanthus mongolicus(3.67),Tamarix chinensis(3.56),Spiraea pubescens(3.37)and Tamarix chinensis(3.56)Amygdalus triloba(3.22),Forsythia suspense(3.08),Rosa rugosa(3.07),Ulmus glaucescens(3.02)and zgyophyllum Xanthoxylum(3.00)were the most common species;There are 5 species of plants with average ornamental value in grade III,including Buxus Sinica var.parvifolia(2.90),Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa(2.76),Cornus alba(2.58),Sorbaria kirilowii(2.57)and Buxus Sinica var.parvifolia(2.54).To sum up,through the study of plant ornamental characteristics,drought tolerance and phenological characteristics,we can fully consider the characteristics,adaptability and other characteristics of the region,in order to correctly select the plants with good landscape value,in order to provide theoretical basis and method guidance for the selection of garden plants in Bayannaoer City.更多还原