【作者】 张丽；

【导师】 代应贵； 敖顺波；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 渔业， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss),又称七色鱼、瀑布鱼,属鲑形目(Salmoniformes)、鲑科(Salmonidae)、大马哈鱼属(Oncorhychus),在名贵淡水鱼市场颇受欢迎。虹鳟养殖多见于北方,在南方养殖较少。思南地区位于贵州东面铜仁地区,坐落在武陵山的中心地带,又有乌江流经此地。它的东边是国家级自然保护区梵净山,属于较典型的喀斯特地形地貌,隶属长江流域乌江水系,境内水资源丰富。虹鳟对饲养环境要求较高,合理的饲养技术成了当前养鱼业的难题。本研究将以思南县山野渔业有限公司养殖场为试验基地,以喀斯特地区虹鳟高效养殖技术为研究对象,以期为思南县特色水产虹鳟养殖提供技术参考。本研究采用《中华人民共和国渔业水质标准》(GB11607-89)的方法,对试验地喀斯特水域环境进行了检测,并试制了3种高能量人工饲料与商品饲料进行对比饲养,探索了虹鳟高效养殖技术和疾病防治技术。试验结果显示,虹鳟适应贵州思南喀斯特气候和水域环境,在虹鳟饲养中,采用流水池饲养,引进平均体重在100 g左右的种苗,饲养密度为10尾/㎡,严格控制水质,做好病害防治和度夏管理,选用或配置粗蛋白在39%—43%、粗脂肪在17%—21%添加区的虹鳟饲料,可以使虹鳟表现出良好的生长性能。本研究为思南县虹鳟养殖提供了技术参考,对生产实践奠定了基础。本实验动物来自从思南县山野渔业有限公司由云南引进的的25000尾虹鳟种,鱼体均重为100g,体长10cm。引进的虹鳟体质健康,有活力,体表有光泽,规格均匀。随机分为三个处理组在养殖池进行饲养,采用ABC不同三组的饲料配方自配料进行定时定点定量投喂,其主要成分为A组粗蛋白39.0%,粗脂肪21.0%,粗纤维8%,粗灰分13.0%,赖氨酸2.2%,蛋氨酸1.01%,磷0.75%,钙0.56%;B组粗蛋白43.0%,粗脂肪17.0%,粗纤维9%,粗灰分15.0%,赖氨酸1.9%,蛋氨酸0.88%,磷0.69%,钙0.51%;C组粗蛋白43.0%,粗脂肪17.0%,粗纤维9%,粗灰分14.0%,赖氨酸2.0%,蛋氨酸1.0%,磷0.68%,钙0.58%;2018年3月10日-7月10日开展为期120天的养殖试验,每30天为一个阶段,分别统计饵料系数、成活率、日增重率等生长性状。自制饲料现做现投,和商品饲料的投饲量都采取9成饱食投饲法,根据天气季节的变化,每天投饲2次～3次,严格做到定时、定质、定量、定位,经常查看流水池底部有无余料,根据养殖生长情况开展水质管理、疾病预防和治疗。本研究配备的A组配方中,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为39%和14%,B组配方中,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为43%和11%,但由于葵花饼和大豆油的配比不同,A组配方中的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸含量高于B组。本次养殖实验探讨了一定规格虹鳟在不同饲料配方下的高效饲养技术,养殖实验整体上获得了成功。研究显示,虹鳟适应贵州省思南县气候和喀斯特水域环境。在虹鳟饲养过程中,采用泉水流水池饲养,引进100g左右的种苗,采用10尾/m~3的饲养密度,做好度夏管理,严格控制水质,做好病害防治,选用或配置粗蛋白在39%—43%、粗脂肪在17%—21%添加区的虹鳟饲料,饲料系数表现优异,适当增加脂质的含量,虹鳟表现出良好的生长性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oncorhynchus mykiss,also known as seven-color fish and waterfall fish,belongs to salmoniformes,Salmonidae and oncorhychus,which is popular in the market of precious freshwater fish.O.mykiss farming is more common in the north part of China.The Sinan County is located in the Tongren City to the east of Guizhou,in the center of the Wuling Mountain,with the Wujiang River flowing through it.To its east is the Fanjing Mountain,a national nature reserve,which is a more typical karst topography.It belongs to the Wujiang River System in the Yangtze River Basin and has abundant water resources.O.mykiss has higher requirements for the breeding environment,and reasonable breeding techniques have become a problem in the current fish farming industry.To sum up,this research took the farm of Sinan County Shanye Animal Husbandry Co.,Ltd.as the experimental base,and take the high-efficiency breeding technology of rainbow trout in karst areas as the research object,in order to provide technical reference for the culture of O.mykiss in the karst waters in Sinan County.The physiological characteristics,breeding status,industrial technology development status and related disease prevention and control problems of Oncorhynchus mykiss were elucidated,and also the breeding prospect of the species was analyzed in this paper.In contrast to the "People’s Republic of China Fishery Water Quality Standard"(GB11607-89),the water indices of the karst water environment was measured,and three high-energy artificial feeds and commercial feeds were used for comparative feeding test of O.mykiss,and the efficient breeding and disease prevention techniques of the species was tested.The test results showed that O.mykiss adapted to the karst climate and water environment in the karst waters in Sinan,Guizhou.In the culture test,2500 seedlings of O.mykiss with an average weight of about 100 g were introduced in the flowing ponds,and the breeding density was 10 individuals/㎡.This research provided a technical reference for culture of O.mykiss in the karst area in Sinan County.This culture test was based on 25,000 individuals of Oncorhynchus mykiss colledted from Sinan County Shanye Animal Husbandry Co.,Ltd,introduced from Yunnan.The average weight of the test individuals is 100 g.The test fish were healthy,vigorous,shiny,and uniform in size.The feed formulas of the three different groups of A,B and C were used for feeding test.From March 10 to July 10,2018,a 120 day culture experiment was carried out with 30 days as a stage.The growth traits such as feed coefficient,survival rate and daily gain rate were measured.The high-efficiency breeding techniques of rainbow trout with a certain specification under different feed formulas were successfully applied in this research.in this research.The results had shown that O.mykiss adapts to the karst water environment in Sinan County,Guizhou.更多还原