轮胎磨损颗粒输入与生物滞留系统运行效能响应机制研究

【作者】 杨鑫；

【导师】 王书敏；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 土木工程， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 车辆轮胎与道路摩擦后产生的轮胎磨损颗粒大量富集在道路周围,初期降雨后轮胎磨损颗粒随雨水径流流入生物滞留系统,对系统运行效能造成未知影响。本研究从宏观到微观,从系统植被层到系统微生物功能,探究了输入不同浓度的轮胎磨损颗粒对系统运行效能的影响,以期在轮胎磨损颗粒对生物滞留系统的影响上提供理论依据及参考经验。（1）对系统宏观运行效能进行研究表明:轮胎磨损颗粒的输入通过堵塞土壤孔隙以削弱系统渗透速率（OR:1.1555 mm/min>C0.1:1.0187 mm/min>C1:0.8777 mm/min>C10:0.7390 mm/min>C100:0.5792 mm/min）,系统滞留率也与轮胎磨损颗粒的输入浓度呈负相关关系。系统氨氮去除效能与轮胎磨损颗粒输入浓度呈显著负相关(-0.359^**),总磷、磷酸盐、总有机氮去除效能和系统各类有机质含量随轮胎磨损颗粒输入浓度增加而提升。（2）对系统微生态进行研究表明:轮胎磨损颗粒对硝化潜势起到抑制作用,对反硝化潜势与系统微生物多样性则有一定促进作用。氮代谢通路方面,实验组比对照组增加了将亚硝氮转换为氨氮的1.7.1.4酶和将硝态氮转化为氨氮的NIT-6酶,减少了将氨氮转化为carbamoyl-p的6.3.4.16酶;氧化磷酸化通路方面,实验组比对照组增加了Ndufs4、Ndh H、Ndh D、gamma、B、C、E、a八种酶;磷酸盐和亚磷酸盐代谢通路中,实验组仅比对照组增加了一种编码为2.7.8.1的酶。系统氮素新陈代谢功能组间占比随轮胎磨损颗粒输入浓度增加而降低;低浓度轮胎磨损颗粒可促进碳代谢,高浓度则会起到抑制作用。系统KEGG功能组间相关性中,氧化磷酸化作用和氮素新陈代谢与轮胎磨损颗粒输入有极显著相关性（p<0.001）。（3）对系统植物进行研究表明:随着轮胎磨损颗粒输入浓度的提高,植物根系长度分别缩短:62.92cm、102.40 cm、102.38 cm、189.77 cm,对照组则为正增长:15.77 cm。通过光合速率可知,C0.1系统对植物生长状态抑制作用并不明显,C1系统最早表现出抑制效果,C10与C100系统最晚展现出对植物生长状态的胁迫作用。轮胎磨损颗粒促进了植物呼吸速率（0.223）、胞间CO₂浓度（0.014）与植物蒸气压差（0.09）,抑制了植物净光合速率（-0.192）、叶片温度（-0.183）、叶片气孔导度（-0.176）和蒸腾速率（-0.136）。轮胎磨损颗粒与生物滞留系统运行效能有显著相关性,因地制宜地分析、管理当地轮胎磨损颗粒输入情况,才能有效改善、提升系统运行效能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tire wear particles generated by vehicle tires rubbing against the road are heavily gathered around the road.After the initial rainfall,the tire wear particles flowed into the bioretention system along with the storm run-off,resulting in unknown effects on the operation efficiency of the system.In this study,the effects of different concentrations of tire wear particles on the operational efficiency of the system were investigated based on the approach from macroscopic to microscopic,and from vegetation layer to microbial function of the system for the purpose of providing the theoretical basis and reference on the effects of tire wear particles on the bioretention system.(1)Study on the macroscopic operating efficiency of the system showed that the input of tire wear particles weakened the infiltration rate of the system by clogging the soil pores(OR: 1.1555 mm/min>C0.1: 1.0187 mm/min>C1: 0.8777 mm/min>C10:0.7390 mm/min>C100: 0.5792 mm/min),and the retention rate of the system was negatively correlated with the input concentration of tire wear particles(-0.359**).The removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen in the system was negatively correlated with the input concentration of tire wear particles,while the removal efficiency of total phosphorus,phosphate,total organic nitrogen and the content of various organic matter in the system increased with the input concentration of tire wear particles.(2)Study on the microecology of the system showed that tire wear particles inhibited the nitrification potential and promoted the denitrification potential and the microbial diversity of the system.In terms of nitrogen metabolism pathway,the experimental group increased the 1.7.1.4 enzymes that converted nitrite nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen,and NIT-6 enzymes that converted nitrate nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen,and decreased 6.3.4.16 enzymes that converted ammonia nitrogen into carbamoyl-p,compared with the control group.For the oxidative phosphorylation pathway,the experimental group increased eight enzymes,namely Ndufs4,Ndh H,Ndh D,gamma,B,C,E and a,compared with the control group.In the phosphate and phosphite metabolic pathway,the experimental group increased only one enzyme coded 2.7.8.1,compared with the control group.The intergroup occupancy of systemic nitrogen metabolism decreased with the increase of tire wear particle input concentrations.Low concentrations of tire wear particles promoted carbon metabolism,while high concentrations inhibited it.Among the intergroup correlations of systemic KEGG functions,oxidative phosphorylation and nitrogen metabolism were significantly correlated with the input of tire wear particles(p<0.001).(3)Study on the system plants showed that the root lengths of the plants shortened by 62.92 cm,102.40 cm,102.38 cm,and 189.77 cm with the increasing input concentrations of tire wear particles.While the control group had a positive growth of 15.77 cm.According to the photosynthetic rates,the C0.1 system did not significantly inhibit plant growth state,the C1 system showed the earliest inhibitory effect,and the C10 and C100 systems were the latest to show the stress effect on plant growth state.Tire wear particles promoted plant respiration rate(0.223),intercellular CO2 concentration(0.014)and plant vapor pressure difference(0.09),and suppressed the net photosynthetic rate(-0.192),leaf temperature(-0.183),leaf stomatal conductance(-0.176)and transpiration rate of plants(-0.136).There is a significant correlation between tire wear particles and the operating efficiency of the bioretention system.Only by analyzing and managing the input of tire wear particles according to local conditions,can the operation efficiency of the system be effectively improved.更多还原