【作者】 杨鹏；

【导师】 胡标；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 电子科学与技术， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 微波输能技术是目前电工技术领域备受关注的热点技术之一,它通过将能量转化为微波形式,实现了自由空间内点到点的功率传输。随着无线通信技术的不断发展,微波输能技术已在太阳能电站、无线传感网络和无人飞行器供能等领域展开了相关研究。而近年来,柔性电子技术因其厚度薄、重量轻、可弯曲、可延展等优点在共形集成领域受到广泛关注。将柔性电子与微波输能技术结合,可以使供能系统接收端与载体表面紧密贴合,从而有效节省安装空间,减小系统体积,进一步提高微波输能技术的应用便利性。因此,开展基于柔性材料的微波输能技术研究具有深远的战略意义和前瞻性。本文围绕基于柔性材料的微波输能技术,结合实际应用需求,对应用于非平面载体表面的X波段微波输能系统进行研究,主要的工作内容如下:高效率微波整流电路研究。基于整流二极管的闭合回路方程理论,对不同型号整流二极管转换效率进行分析,选择整流性能最佳的整流二极管;通过采用并联微带枝节直通滤波器减少寄生参数的影响,同时降低成本使得电路更实用化;引入F类和紧凑型谐波抑制网络减少整流电路插损和尺寸。分别对基于常规材料和柔性材料整流电路进行仿真优化和实验测试,实验结果表明基于常规材料整流电路的转换效率达58%,而基于柔性材料的整流电路的转换效率也可以高达52%。适用于非平面载体表面的新型微波接收天线研究。根据微带天线原理设计微带贴片天线单元,考虑天线单元的接收功率和接收面的功率密度分布,分别设计1单元、1×2单元和2×2单元阵列。利用波束扫描理论设计馈电网络相位激励使阵因子在H面内实现正负45°波束偏转,从而改变阵列天线最大波束指向,使其能够对不同波束入射角保持高效率接收。仿真设计与实验研究结果基本一致,可以通过改变馈电网络移相长度实现整流接收阵列天线波束偏转。共形飞行器柱面机体的微波输能系统研究。建立微波输能系统输出功率分析模型,并基于输出功率最大化思想,设计非平面整流天线阵列自适应优化布局方案。利用设计的角锥喇叭天线实现窄波束的微波能量辐射,综合考虑柱面功率密度和波束入射角,对整流天线阵列进行布阵设计。研究结果表明新型波束偏转整流天线阵列的微波-直流转换效率可达29.04%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Microwave power transmission technology is one of the hot technologies in the field of electrical technology.It realizes point-to-point power transmission in free space by converting energy into microwave form.With the continuous development of wireless communication technology,microwave power transmission technology has been studied in solar power plants,wireless sensor networks and unmanned aerial vehicles.In recent years,flexible electronics technology has attracted wide attention in the field of conformal integration due to its advantages of thin thickness,light weight,bending and extensibility.The combination of flexible electronics and microwave energy transmission technology can make the receiving end of the energy supply system close to the carrier surface,so as to effectively save the installation space,reduce the system volume,and further improve the application convenience of microwave energy transmission technology.Therefore,the research on microwave energy transmission technology based on flexible materials has far-reaching strategic significance and prospect.This paper focuses on the microwave power transmission technology based on flexible materials,combined with practical application requirements,corresponding to the X-band microwave power transmission system for non-planar support surface.The main work is as follows :Research on high efficiency microwave rectifier circuit.Based on the closed-loop equation theory of rectifier diodes,the conversion efficiencies of different types of rectifier diodes are analyzed,and the rectifier diodes with the best rectifier performance are selected.By using parallel microstrip stub direct-pass filter to reduce the impact of parasitic parameters,while reducing costs make the circuit more practical;Class F and compact harmonic suppression network are introduced to reduce the insertion loss and size of rectifier circuit.The simulation optimization and experimental test of the rectifier based on conventional materials and flexible materials are carried out respectively.The experimental results show that the conversion efficiency of the rectifier based on conventional materials can reach 58 %,while that of the rectifier based on flexible materials can also reach 52 %.A novel microwave receiving antenna suitable for non-planar carrier surface is studied.The microstrip patch antenna unit is designed according to the principle of microstrip antenna.Considering the receiving power of the antenna unit and the power density distribution of the receiving surface,1 unit,1 × 2 unit and 2 × 2 unit arrays are designed respectively.The beam scanning theory is used to design the phase excitation of the feed network so that the array factor can achieve plus or minus 45° beam deflection in the H plane,thereby changing the maximum beam direction of the array antenna so that it can maintain high-efficiency reception for different beam incident angles.The simulation design is basically consistent with the experimental results,and the beam deflection of the rectifier receiving array antenna can be realized by changing the phase shift length of the feed network.Research on the microwave energy transmission system of the cylindrical body of the conformal aircraft.Establish the output power analysis model of the microwave energy transmission system,and based on the idea of maximizing output power,design the adaptive and optimized layout of the non-planar rectenna array.The designed pyramid horn antenna is used to realize the microwave energy radiation of the narrow beam,and the rectifier antenna array is designed by considering the cylindrical power density and the incident angle of the beam.The research results show that the microwave-to-DC conversion efficiency of the new beam deflection rectenna array can reach 29.04%.更多还原